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Top 10 Most Evil Women

2009-12-02T09:43:00.000-08:00

We all tend to focus on the evil men in the world and forget some of the truly evil women that have lived. I hope to correct that with this list. Here we have not just serial killers, but other utterly despicable women who have caused tragedy in many people’s lives. So, without further ado, here are the top 10 most evil women in history.

10. Queen Mary I Born: 1516; Died: 1558

Mary was the only child of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon to live past infancy. Crowned after the death of Edward VI and the removal of The Nine Days Queen-Lady Jane Grey, Mary is chiefly remembered for temporarily and violently returning England to Catholicism. Many prominent Protestants were executed for their beliefs leading to the moniker “Bloody Mary”. Fearing the gallows a further 800 Protestants left the country, unable to return until her death. It should be noted that Elizabeth I shares position 10 on this list for her equally bad behavior.

9. Myra Hindley Born: 1942; Died: 2002

Myra Hindley and Ian Brady were responsible for the “Moors murders” occurring in the Manchester area of Britain in the mid 1960’s. Together these two monsters were responsible for the kidnapping, sexual abuse, torture and murder of three children under the age of twelve and two teenagers, aged 16 and 17. A key found in Myra’s possession led to incriminating evidenceCentral Station. The evidence included a tape recording of one of the murder victims screaming as Hindley and Brady raped and tortured her. In the final days before incarceration, she developed a swagger and arrogant attitude that became her trademark. Police secretary Sandra Wilkinson has never forgotten seeing Hindley and her mother Nellie, leaning against the courthouse eating sweets. While the mother was obviously and understandably upset, Hindley seemed indifferent and uncaring of her situation. stored at a left-luggage depot at Manchester

8. Isabella of Castile Born: 1451; Died: 1504

Isabella I of Spain, well known as the patron of Christopher Columbus, with her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon, are responsible for making possible the unification of Spain under their grandson Carlos I. As part of the drive for unification, Isabella appointed Tomás de Torquemada as the first Inquisitor General of the inquisition. March 31, 1492 marks the implementation of the Alhambra Decree; expulsion edicts forcing the removal or conversion of Jews and Muslims. Roughly 200,000 people left Spain; those remaining who chose conversion were subsequently persecuted by the inquisition investigating Judaizing conversos. In 1974, Pope Paul VI opened her cause for beatification. This places her on the path toward possible sainthood. In the Catholic Church, she is thus titled Servant of God.

7. Beverly Allitt Born: 1968

The “Angel of Death, Beverley Gail Allit, is one of Britain’s most well known serial killers. Working as a pediatric nurse, she is responsible for the murder of 4 children and the serious injury of 5 others in her care. When available, insulin or potassium injections were used to precipitate cardiac arrest; smothering sufficed when they were not. Although convicted with death or injury in nine cases, Allit attacked thirteen children over a fifty-eight day period before being caught red-handed. Allit has never spoken of the motive for her crimes, but Munchausen’s Syndrome by Proxy explains her actions. This debatable personality disorder involves a pattern of abuse or harm to someone in your care in order to garner attention (Alitt was known as a child to wear bandages and casts over wounds, but would not allow them to be examined).

6. Belle Gunness Born: 1859; Died: 1931

Belle Gunness was one of America’s most degenerate and productive female serial killers. Standing 6 ft (1.83 m) tall and weighing in at over 200 lbs (91 kg), she was an imposing and powerful woman of Norwegian descent. It is likely that she killed both her husbands and all of her children at different times, but it is certain that she murdered most of her suitors, boyfriends, and her two daughters, Myrtle and Lucy. The motive was greed-pure and simple; life insurance policies and assets stolen or swindled from her suitors became her source of income. Most reports put her death toll at more than twenty victims over several decades, with some claiming in excess of one hundred. Inconsistencies during her post mortem examination; the corpse was reported to be two inches shorter than Belle’s six feet, paved the way for Belle Gunnes to enter American criminal folklore, a female Bluebeard.

5. Mary Ann Cotton Born: 1832; Died: 1873

Englishwoman Mary Ann Cotton is another for-profit serial killer, predating Belle Gunnes by thirty years. Married at age twenty to William Mowbray, the newlyweds settled in Plymouth, Devon, to start their family. The couple had five children, four of whom died of ‘gastric fever and stomach pains’. Moving back to the north-east, tragedy seemed to follow them; three more children born, three more children died. William soon followed his offspring, dying of an ‘intestinal disorder’ in January 1865. British Prudential promptly paid a 35 pound dividend, and a pattern was established. Her second husband, George Ward, died of intestinal problems as well as one of her two remaining children. The power of the press, always a force to be reckoned with, caught up with Mary Ann. The local newspapers discovered that as Mary Ann moved around northern England, she lost three husbands, a lover, a friend, her mother and a dozen children, all dying of stomach fever. She was hanged at Durham County Gaol, March 24, 1873, for murder by arsenic poisoning. She died slowly, the hangman using too short a drop for a ‘clean’ execution.

4. Ilse Koch Born: 1906; Died: 1967

“Die Hexe von Buchenwald” the Witch of Buchenwald, or “Buchenwälder Schlampe” the Bitch of Buchenwald was the wife of Karl Koch, commandant of the concentration camps Buchenwald from 1937 to 1941, and Majdanek from 1941 to 1943. Drunk on the absolute power rendered by her husband, she reveled in torture and obscenity. Infamous for her souvenirs; tattoos taken from the murdered inmates, her reputation for debauchery was well earned. After building an indoor sports arena in 1940, with 250,000 marks stolen from inmates, Ilsa was promoted to Oberaufseherin or “chief overseer” of the few female guards at Buchenwald. She committed suicide by hanging herself at Aichach women’s prison on September 1, 1967.

3. Irma Grese Born: 1923; Died: 1945

Another product of the Nazi’s final solution, Irma Grese or the “Bitch of Belsen” was a guard at concentration camps Ravensbrück, Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. Transferred to Auschwitz in 1943, (she must have shown particular enthusiasm and dedication to the job), she was promoted to Senior Supervisor, the 2nd highest ranking female in camp, by the end of the year. In charge of over 30,000 Jewish female prisoners, she reveled in her work. Her work included; savaging of prisoners by her trained and half starved dogs, sexual excesses, arbitrary shootings, sadistic beatings with a plaited whip, and selecting prisonersfor the gas chamber. She enjoyed both physical and emotional torture and habitually wore heavy boots and carried a pistol to facilitate both.

2. Katherine Knight Born: 1956

The first Australian woman to be sentenced to a natural life term without parole, Katherine Knight had a history of violence in relationships. She mashed the dentures of one of her ex-husbands and slashed the throat of another husband’s eight-week-old puppy before his eyes. A heated relationship with John Charles Thomas Price became public knowledge with an Apprehended Violence Order that Price had filed against Knight and ended with Knight stabbing Price to death with a butcher’s knife. He had been stabbed at least 37 times, both front and back, with many of the wounds penetrating vital organs. She then skinned him and hung his “suit” from the door frame in the living room, cut off his head and put it in the soup pot, baked his buttocks, and prepared gravy and vegetables to accompany the ‘roast’. The meal and a vindictive note were set outfor the children, luckily discovered by police before they arrived home.

1. Elizabeth Bathory Born: 1560; Died: 1614

Countess Elizabeth Bathory is considered the most infamous serial killer in Hungarian/Slovak history. Rumors had circulated for years about missing peasant girls; offered well paid work at the castle, they were never seen again. One of these rumors reached the ears of King Mathias II, who sent a party of men to the massive Castle Csejthe. The men found one girl dead and one dying. Another was found wounded and others locked up. Described atrocities, collected from testimony of witnesses, include; severe beatings over extended periods of time, the use of needles, burning or mutilation of hands, sometimes also of faces and genitalia, biting the flesh off the faces, arms and other bodily parts, and the starving of victims. The victim total is thought to number in the hundreds occurring over a twenty-five year period. Due to her social status she was never brought to trial but remained under house arrest in a single room until her death. The idea that the Countess bathed in the blood of her victims is folklore, and one of the few things she did not do.

Top 10 Unsolved Murders

2009-12-02T09:41:00.000-08:00

Every year a large number of murders go unsolved, but some gain such infamy that they remain in the public mind for many years to come. This is a list of the ten most famousmurders in modern history. The one rule I had for this list was that there had be a body – this excludes people like Jimmy Hoffa.

10. Oscar Romero

Oscar Romero was a prominent Roman Catholic priest and Archbishop in El Salvador during the 1960s and 1970s. After witnessing numerous violations of human rights, he began to speak out on behalf of the poor and the victims of El Salvador’s long and bloody civil war. After speaking out against U.S. military support for the government of El Salvador, and calling for soldiers to disobey orders that harmed human rights, Archbishop Romero was shot to death while celebrating Mass at a small chapel near his cathedral. It is believed that his assassins were members of Salvadoran death squads, including two graduates of the School of the Americas.

9. Olof Palme

Palme was a Swedish politician and prime minister (1982 – 1986). The nuclear accident in 1979 at Three Mile Island in the United States had a great impact in Sweden, and Palme contributed to a referendum (passed in 1980) to remove all nuclear reactors in Sweden. After being elected prime minister again in 1982, Palme tried to reinstate socialist economic policies in Sweden, and he continued to be outspoken on matters of European security. He was shot and killed while walking home with his wife after a visit to a cinema. The motive and identity of the killer remain a mystery.

8. The Boy in the Box

In 1957, an unidentified Caucasian male, probable age 4 to 6 years, whose nude body, wrapped in a cheap flannel blanket, was found lying face up inside a large cardboard carton just a few feet from the edge of Susquehanna Road in Northeast Philadelphia. The body was dry and clean. The boy’s arms were carefully folded across his stomach. The finger and toenails had been recently trimmed short and neat. His hair had been cut recently – very close to the head, in a crude, hurried way, perhaps as a deliberate attempt to conceal the child’s identity. Small clumps of cut hair clung to his entire body, suggesting that someone had groomed him while he was unclothed, probably either shortly before or immediately after death. There were many bruises all over the child’s body; particularly on the head and face. All of the bruises appeared to have been inflicted at the same time. Despite recent DNA investigations into the crime, it remains unsolved.

7. Jack the Stripper

Jack the Stripper was the nickname given to an unknown serial killer responsible for what came to be known as the London “nude murders” between 1964 and 1965. His victimology was similar to Jack the Ripper’s. He murdered six — possibly eight — prostitutes, whose nude bodies were discovered around London or dumped in the River Thames. The victim count is ambiguous because two of themurders attributed to him did not fit his modus operandi. Like the Jack the Ripper killings, the Stripper’s reign of terror seemed to cease on its own, and there were few solid clues for police to investigate. Though his identity remains unknown, crime writer Donald Rumbelow notes that the killer could have been a young man who committed suicide in south London. This main suspect, who was also a favorite suspect of Chief Superintendent Du Rose, was a security guard on the Heron Trading Estate in Acton whose rounds included a paint shop where one of the bodies was thought to have been hidden after the crime. Though there was never any hard evidence to link himto the crimes, his family found his suicide inexplicable, and his suicide note cryptically said only that he was “unable to take the strain any longer”.

6. The Axeman of New Orleans

On May 23, 1918, an Italian grocer named Joseph Maggio and his wife were butchered while sleeping in their apartment above the Maggio grocery store. Upon investigation, the police discovered that a panel in the rear door had been chiseled out, providing a way in for the killer. The murder weapon, an axe, was found in the apartment, still coated with the Maggio’s blood. Nothing in the house had been stolen, including jewelry and money that were nearly in plain sight. The only clue that was discovered was a message that had been written in chalk near the victim’s home. It read: “Mrs. Joseph Maggio will sit up tonight. Just write Mrs. Toney”. Almost exactly a month after the Maggio murder came a second crime. Louis Bossumer, a grocer who lived behind his store with his common-law wife, Annie Harriet Lowe, was discovered by neighbors one morning, lying in a pool of blood. The Axeman murdered a total of eight people before the killings stopped. There was no evidence to link the only suspect, Joseph Mumfre,to the crimes.

5. JonBenét Ramsay

JonBenet Ramsays was a six-year-old girl known for her participation in beauty pageants in the United States. She was found murdered in the basement of her parents’ home in Boulder, Colorado, nearly eight hours after she was reported missing. The case is notable in both its longevity and the media interest it has generated inthe United States. After several grand jury hearings the case is still unsolved. In December 2003, forensic investigators extracted enough material from a mixed blood sample found on JonBenét’s underwear to establish a DNA profile. The DNA belongs to an unknown Caucasian male. The DNA was submittedto the FBI’s Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), a database containing more than 1.6 million DNA profiles, mainly from convicted felons. The sample has yet to find a match in the database, although it continues to be checked for partial matches on a weekly basis.

4. Black Dahlia

Elizabeth Short (born 29 July 1924) was a 22-year-old American woman who was the victim of a gruesome and much-publicized murder. Nicknamed the Black Dahlia, Short was found cut in half and severely mutilated on 15 January 1947 in Leimert Park, Los Angeles. The murder, which has remained unsolved, has been the source of widespread speculation as well as several books and film adaptations. Sensational and sometimes inaccurate press coverage, as well as the horrible nature of the crime, focused intense public attention on the case. About 60 people confessed to the murder, mostly men, as well as a few women. As the case continues to command public attention, many more people have been proposed as Short’s killer, much like London’s Jack the Rippermurders of 1888.

3. Andrew and Abby Borden

On a Thursday morning, August 4, 1892, Andrew Borden left home to conduct his business, leaving in the house, besides his wife, an Irish maid (Bridget Sullivan) and his daughter Lizzie. On his return, he settled on a sofa for a nap. About 11:15 AM, Lizzie (according to her testimony) discovered her father dead, repeatedly struck in the head with a sharp instrument. Upstairs his wife’s body was found, even more brutally mutilated; examination proved that her death had preceded her husband’s by an hour or so. It was found that Lizzie had tried to purchase prussic acid (a poison) on August 3, and a few days later she was alleged to have burned a dress in a stove. Sullivan, who also has been suspected, later that evening reportedly left the house carrying an unexamined parcel. No weapon was found, though an axe found in the basement was suspected. Lizzie was arrested and tried for bothmurders in June 1893 but was acquitted, given the circumstantial evidence. She was nonetheless ostracized thereafter by the people of her native Fall River, Massachusetts, where she continued to live until her death in 1927.

2. The Zodiac

The Zodiac Killer is one of the great unsolved serial killer mysteries of all time, taking only second place to Jack the Ripper. Even though police investigated over 2,500 potential suspects, the case was never officially solved. There were a few suspects that stood out, but the forensic technology of the times was not advanced enough to nail any one of them conclusively. The Zodiac murdered five known victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969. Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted. Others have also been suspected to be Zodiac victims, but there has been thus far no conclusive evidence to link themto the killer.

1. Jack the Ripper

Traditionally, Jack the Ripper is considered to have killed five women, all London prostitutes, during 1888. The Ripper generally killed by strangling his victims, then laying them down and cutting the arteries in their throats; this was followed by a varied process of mutilation, during which parts of the body were removed and kept. During the autumn and winter of 1888/89 a number of letters circulated among the police and newspapers, all claiming to be from the Whitechapel murderer; these include the ‘From Hell’ letter and one accompanied by part of a kidney. Ripperologists consider most, if not all, of the letters to be hoaxes. Over a century later Jack’s identity has never been wholly proven (there isn’t even a leading suspect), most aspects of the case are still debated and the Ripper is an infamous cultural bogeyman.

15 headlines surat kabar yang menjadi sejarah

2009-12-02T01:26:00.000-08:00

New York Times: "Titanic Karam setelah 4 jam menabrak gunung es" [16 April 1912:]

Ini adalah salah satu dari sedikit berita utama yang akurat hari dimana setelah tenggelamnya kapal Titanic. Wartawan di beberapa surat kabar lain masih dalam penyangkalan bahwa Titanic tidak akan tenggelam: The Daily Mirror melaporkan, "Semua orang aman", dan Daily Mail, "Tidak ada kehidupan yang hilang".

Daily Mail: "Keanjlokan Terbesar dalam Sejarah di Wall Street" [25 Oktober 1929:]
Wall Street 1929, dipicu oleh ketidakpastianpertimbangan dari pemerintah mengakibatkan harga saham anjlok ,ini adalah yang terburuk dalam sejarah AS. Pada tanggal 24 Oktober, lebih dari 12,9 juta saham di perdagangkan oleh investor yang panik.

The News Chronicle: "Hitler Tewas" [2 Mei 1945:]
The News Chronicle:
Pada tanggal 2 Mei 1945, The News Chronicle, yang kemudian menjadi Daily Mail, menerbitkan judul yang berani . Pada waktu itu, tak seorang pun yakin kalau berita ini benar. . Artikel yang menyertainya mengklaim bahwa Hitler telah tewas dalam suatu penyerangan, meskipun kemudian yg terjadi adalah dia telah bunuh diri di sebuah bunker bawah tanah di Chancery Berlin.

Daily Mail: "Perang Dunia Ke II Telah Berakhir" [8 Mei 1945: l]
Headline ini muncul pada hari Sekutu Perang Dunia II menerima Nazi / Jerman menyerah. Ini menandai berakhirnya Perang Dunia ke II dan Adolf Hitler's Yang tewas

Chicago Tribune: "Pembunuh Tewaskan Kennedy"[22 November 1963: ]
John F. Kennedy, Presiden ke-35 dari Amerika Serikat, dibunuh di Dallas, Texas. Lima tahun kemudian, saudaranya Robert Kennedy ditembak mati di Los Angeles Hotel.

Daily News: "Martin King Shot to Death: ditembak mati di Memphis" [5 April 1968: ]
Berita mengejutkan ini dicetak setelah Martin Luther King, Jr ditembak dan dibunuh di lantai dua lobi Lorraine Motel, Memphis, Tennessee. Dia adalah 39-tahun

Evening Standard: "The First Footstep" jejak kaki pertama[21 Juli 1969: ]
Neil Armstrong menjadi orang pertama yang melangkahkan kakinya di bulan. Ketika ia menyentuh tanah, dia l menyatakan: "Itu salah satu langkah kecil untuk manusia, satu lompatan raksasa bagi umat manusia."

The New York Times: "Nixon Resigns" [9 Agustus 1974: ]
Presiden Richard Nixon, takut terhadap tekanan setelah skandal Watergate, menjadi satu-satunya Presiden yang pernah mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya. Gerald Ford kemudian memaafkannya, tetapi ia tidak pernah benar-benar diampuni.

The Sun: "Raja Elvis tewas" [17 Agustus 1977: ]
Pada tanggal 16 Agustus 1977, "The King of Rock 'n' Roll" ditemukan tewas di lantai kamar mandi.

Los Angeles Times: "The Beatles John Lennon Dibunuh" [9 Desember 1980: ]
pada hari sebelum Headline ini terbit, John Lennon ditembak dari belakang empat kali oleh Mark David Chapman, seorang penggemar yang telah menguntit dia selama 3 bulan.

City Press: "Mandela Bebas Hari Ini" [11 Februari 1990: ]
Nelson Mandela dibebaskan dari penjara, tempat dia mendekam selama 20 tahun. Pada tanggal 27 April 1994, Mandela dan ANC memenangkan pemilihan multi-rasial.

Daily News: "Diana Tewas" [31 Agustus 1997: ]
Putri Diana meninggal setelah Mercedes Benz S280 menabrak pilar di terowongan Pont de l'Alma , Paris. bersama Temannya Dodi Al-Fayed juga tewas dalam tabrakan.

Daily Telegraph: "Perang di America" [12 September 2001: ]
Pada tanggal 12 September 2001, , hanya satu cerita mendominasi berita utama. Pada hari sebelumnya, teroris telah membajak empat pesawat jet berpenumpang komersial, dua di antaranya menabrak ke Twin Towers dan ketiga ke Pentagon. "Perang Amerika" terpilih sebagai judul yang paling mengesankan dari 100 tahun terakhir.

Times Of India: "Kami melihat air laut datang, kami semua berlari. Tetapi Allah hanya menyelamatkan sedikit "[28 Desember 2004: ]
pada tanggal 26 Desember 2004, gempa di lepas pantai barat Sumatra, Indonesia, memicu gelombang tsunami, yang menewaskan lebih dari 225.000 orang di 11 negara.

New York Times: "Obama: Racial Barrier Falls di Kemenangan Kemenangan" [5 November 2008:]

Barack Obama, menjanjikan perubahan untuk Amerika Serikat, mengalahkan John McCain dalam pemilihan presiden 2008 menjadikannya presiden berkulit hitam yang pertama di amerika serikat. Ia kemudian diresmikan pada tanggal 20 Januari 2009.

The World's Largest Bull

2009-12-01T01:20:00.001-08:00

Chilli is a black and white Fresian bull, weighing a whopping 1.25 tons and standing at 6 feet and 6 inches in height. Abandoned by its owner on the doorstep of the sanctuary he lives in today, when he was just 6 days old, back in 1999, Chilli grew up to become the biggest bovine in the world, according to Guinness Book of Records. According to Naomi Clarke, manager of the Ferne Animal Sanctuary in Ferne, Somerset, the bull doesn't eat as much as the other cows and yet he outgrows them by far. He's also abnormally friendly and gentle.

You could say Chilli had a stroke of luck when he ended up in the shelter, because normally he would have ended up chopped into pieces and on the shelves of a meat market somewhere. Now he's 9 years old and the proud owner of the title "Largest Bovine in the World", nice going Chilli.

Cone Crazy

2009-12-01T00:47:00.001-08:00

Cone Crazy

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Toxic Flash

Goosehead Racing

2009-12-01T00:46:00.001-08:00

Goosehead Racing

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TGFG Racing

2009-12-01T00:45:00.003-08:00

TGFG Racing

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Wheelers

2009-12-01T00:45:00.001-08:00

Wheelers

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New Car Net Racer

2009-12-01T00:30:00.003-08:00

New Car Net Racer

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Stai Ruere

2009-12-01T00:30:00.001-08:00

Stai Ruere

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Skidoo TT

2009-12-01T00:29:00.001-08:00

Skidoo TT

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Wow What A Race

2009-12-01T00:28:00.001-08:00

Wow What A Race

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Show Time

2009-12-01T00:20:00.003-08:00

Show Time

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FlashTrek: Assault

2009-12-01T00:20:00.001-08:00

FlashTrek: Assault

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Outer Space Escape

2009-12-01T00:19:00.003-08:00

Outer Space Escape

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Metal Slug: Rampage 2

2009-12-01T00:19:00.001-08:00

Metal Slug: Rampage 2

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Defend Your Castle

2009-12-01T00:18:00.001-08:00

Defend Your Castle

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Ghost Hunter

2009-12-01T00:17:00.003-08:00

Ghost Hunter

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Ninja Air Combat

2009-12-01T00:17:00.001-08:00

Ninja Air Combat

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Kill Bill

2009-12-01T00:16:00.001-08:00

Kill Bill

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Teletubbies Killing

2009-12-01T00:10:00.003-08:00

Teletubbies Killing

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Desert Battle

2009-12-01T00:10:00.001-08:00

Desert Battle

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Tactical Assassin

2009-12-01T00:09:00.001-08:00

Tactical Assassin

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Metal Armor

2009-12-01T00:08:00.001-08:00

Metal Armor

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Space Fighters Revolution

2009-12-01T00:07:00.003-08:00

Space Fighters Revolution

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Storm The House

2009-12-01T00:07:00.001-08:00

Storm The House

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SebShooter beta

2009-12-01T00:06:00.003-08:00

SebShooter beta

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Base Defense 2

2009-12-01T00:06:00.001-08:00

Base Defense 2

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Shoot Kim Jong II

2009-11-30T23:59:00.003-08:00

Shoot Kim Jong II

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Blood Shed

2009-11-30T23:59:00.001-08:00

Blood Shed

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Alpine Escape

2009-11-30T23:58:00.001-08:00

Alpine Escape

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Battle Tanx 2

2009-11-30T23:57:00.001-08:00

Battle Tanx 2

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2D Shootout

2009-11-30T23:44:00.001-08:00

2D Shootout

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Ovcata Ninja Reincarnation

2009-11-30T23:23:00.001-08:00

Ovcata Ninja Reincarnation

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Waria-waria Tercantik di Dunia

2009-11-30T22:57:00.001-08:00

Waria itu laki - laki khan?? Tapi kok bisa cantik kayak gini yahh..??? Haduuhh dunia emang sudah anehhh...nih

Waria China
Waria Korea
Waria Singapore
Waria Taiwan,
Waria Japan
Waria Hongkong
Waria Thailand

Nahh.. waria di atas cantik - cantik khan..??? hehe meskipun begitu kalian apa mau..?? aku aja nggak.. ada yg mau nggak..??? hehehehehe..

Nahh, tapi kalo waria Indonesia?? nihhh...coba sama Tidak dengan Waria yg di Luar Negri....Hayooo Cintailah Produk indonesia...!!!

Top 10 Modern Methods of Execution

2009-11-30T22:56:00.001-08:00

We have all heard about the various methods of execution used around the world in civilized nations, but quite often we don’t know the methods involved in executing the act. With this list I hope to shed some light on the background of an execution, modern style. All but two of these methods of execution are still in use today. [WARNING: This list includes graphic images.]

1. Lethal Injection

Lethal injection room in Huntsville, Texas

In the short time before an execution by lethal injection, the prisoner is prepared for his death. This can include a change of clothing, a last meal, and a shower. The prisoner is taken to thesaline solution is fed through the tubes. These tubes are then fed through the wall in to an anteroom from where the execution will be carried out. The anteroom contains direct telephone connections to officials who have the power to stay the execution. Once the IV tubes are connected, the curtains are drawn back so that witnesses may watch the execution, and the prisoner is allowed to make his last statement. execution chamber and two IV tubes are inserted in to his arms; a

Unless a stay is given, the execution begins. There can be one or more executioners, and sometimes in the case of multiple executioners, the lethal dose is given by only one so that no one knows who delivered it. The executioners are shielded from the view ofthe prisoner and witnesses. The drugs can be delivered by a machine, but due to the fear of mechanical failure, most US states prefer to manually inject the drugs in to the IV. The drugs are then administered in the following order:

Sodium thiopental: This drug, also known as Pentathol is a barbiturate used as a surgical anesthetic. In surgery, a dose of up to 150mg is used; inexecution, up to 5,000mg is used. This is a lethal dose. From this point on if the prisoner is still alive, he should feel nothing.

Pancuronium bromide: Also known as Pavulon, this is a muscle relaxant given in a strong enough dose to paralyse the diaphragm and lungs. This drug takes effect in 1-3 minutes. A normal medical dose is 40 – 100mcg per kilogram; the dose delivered in anexecution is up to 100mg.

Potassium chloride: This is a toxic agent which induces cardiac arrest. Not all states use this as the first two drugs are sufficient to bring about death.

Saline solution is used to flush the IV between each dose. Within a minute of two after the final dose is given, a doctor declares the prisoner dead. The body is then sent to the coroner for verification and sometimes an autopsy and is released to the family for burial or is buried by the state.

2. The Electric Chair

Electric Chair at Sing Sing

The electric chair was invented by Harold P. Brown who was employed by Thomas Edison for the sole purpose of investigating the uses of electricity forexecution . Brown, a dentist used to working with people in chairs, used a chair design for his device. At the time there was still competition to see whether Edison’s direct current (DC) or Westinghouse’s alternating current (AC) would win the current war. Edison was in favor of using his opponents AC as he thought it would lead people to believe that AC was more dangerous than DC. In fact, it would make little difference which current were used at the voltage needed for anexecution. Edison was so keen to alienate Westinghouse, that he tried to get people to refer to execution by electrocution as “westinghousing” someone. The chair was first adopted in 1889 and the first execution took place in 1890 in New York.

In execution by electric chair, the prisoner is strapped to the chair with metal straps and a wet sponge is placed in his head to aid conductivity. Electrodes are placed on the head and leg to create a closed circuit. Depending on the physical state of the prisoner, two currents of varying level and duration are applied. This is generally 2,000 volts for 15 seconds for the first current to cause unconsciousness and to stop the heart. The second current is usually lowered to 8 amps. The current will normally cause severe damage to internal organsand the body can heat up to 138 °F (59 °C). While unconsciousness should occur within the first second or two, there have been occasions where it has taken much longer, leading people to speak out against this method ofexecution.

The post-execution cleanup is an unpleasant task as skin can melt to the electrodes and the person often loses control over bodily functions. The skin is also often burnt. The last use of the chair was on the 12th of September in Tennessee (6 days ago as of writing this). You can view a gruesome image of a person after being executed bythe electric chair here.

3. Gas Chamber

Gas chamber at Mississippi State Penitentiary

The gas chamber has been used for executions for a considerable number of years. It has gained the most notoriety from its use in the German prison camps during World War II where it was used to exterminate millions of people in one of the worst cases of genocide in the 20th century. All of the five US states that still use the gas chamber allow the prisoner to choose death by lethal injection instead. The last death by gas chamber in the US was in 1999 when German Walter LaGrand was executed in Arizona. There are unconfirmed reports that North Korea is using the gas chamber as a method ofexecution and to test poisonous gasses on prisoners.

Prior to the execution, the executioner will enter the chamber and place potassium cyanide (KCN) pellets into a small compartment beneath the execution chair. The prisoner is then brought in and secured to the chair. The chamber is sealed and the executioner pours a quantity of concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) through a tube which leads to a holding compartment in the chair. The curtains are drawn back for witnesses to see the execution and the prisoner is asked to make his last statement. After the last statement, a level is thrown by the executioner and the acid mixes with the cyanide pellets generating lethal hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas. The prisoners will generally have been told to take deep breaths in order to speed up unconsciousness, but in most cases they hold their breath. Death from hydrogen cyanide is painful and unpleasant.

After the prisoner is dead, the chamber is purged of gas and neutralized with anhydrous ammonia (NH₃). Both the ammonia and the acid that must be removed from the chamber are highly dangerous. Guards with oxygen masks then enter the chamber and remove the body so that it can be examined by a doctor.

4. Single Person Shooting

Execution of a Vietcong captian

Execution by shooting is the most common method of execution in the world, used in over 70 countries. Whilst most of these countries use the firing squad, single person shooting is still found. In Soviet Russia, a single bulletto the back of the head was the most frequently used method of execution for military and non-military alike. This is still the main method of execution in Communist China though the gunshot can be to either the neck or head. In the past, the Chinese government would ask the family of the executed person to pay the price of the bullet. In Taiwan,the prisoner is first injected with a strong anesthetic to render him senseless and then a bullet is fired in to his heart.

5. Firing Squad

Antonio Echazarreta executed in 1913 in Mexio

The firing squad is considered by many to be the most honorable method of execution, and for that reason it was specifically not used on war criminals. While the method differs widely from country to country, generally the condemned is blindfolded and restrained. A group of men then fire a single bullet into the heart of the prisoner . In some cases, one of the shooters is given a blank – so that afterwards he will feel less guilt. None of the shooters knows who has a blank or, in fact, if any of them do. In the most recentexecution by firing squad in Utah, the brother of the executed man stated that there were five bullet holes in his brother’s shirt, indicating that every shooter fired a live round. Here is an eyewitness account of theexecution of William Johnson, a deserter in the Army of the Potomac in 1861.

All being ready the Marshal waved his handkerchief as the signal, and the firing party discharged the volley. Johnson did not move, remaining in a sitting posture for several seconds after the rifles were discharged. Then he quivered a little, and fell over beside his coffin. He was still alive, however, and the four reserves were called to complete the work. It was found that two of the firing party, Germans, had not discharged their pieces, and they were immediately put in irons. Johnson was shot several times in the heart by the first volley. Each of the four shots fired by the reserves took effect in his head, and he died instantly. One penetrated his chin, another his left cheek, while two entered the brain just above the left eyebrow. He died at precisely a quarter to four o’clock.

In the United States only two states allow execution by firing squad: Idaho, and Oklahoma; though Utah still has four prisoners on death row who were sentenced when it was lawful there and they may be permitted to be executed in this way.

6. Hanging

17 and 18 year old boys hanged in Iran for homosexuality

Hanging is carried out in a variety of ways: the short drop is when the prisoner is made to stand on an object which is then thrust away – leaving them to die by strangulation. This was a common method of hanging used by the Nazis and was the most common form used before the 1850s. Death is slow and painful. Suspension hanging (very popular in Iran) is when the gallows itself is movable. The prisoner stands on the ground with the noose around their neck and the gallows is then lifted in to the air, taking the prisoner with it. The standard drop was in common use in English nations after the 1850s – it involved tying the noose around the prisoner’s neck and then dropping them a short distance (usually 4-6 feet) to break the neck. This was the method used to execute the Nazi war criminals. The final method is the long drop, devised in 1872 in which the weight of a person was taken in to account to determine the correct rope and drop to be used to ensure the breaking of the neck. This was the method used by Albert Pierrepoint, the last executioner of England, described here in more detail:

The night before the execution, Pierrepoint would visit the condemned man in his cell with the Warden. The prisoner was not told that pierrepoint was his executioner. The purpose of the visit was to size the man up. Pierrepoint would use the information he had gained on the visit to decide what thickness of rope and what length of drop to use. He would soak the rope in water and would hang a sandbag the weight of the prisoner at the end to prevent stretching during the execution. The next day pierrepoint would put a cloth over the face of the prisoner and tighten the noose around his neck. He was very careful to ensure that the trapdoor beneath the condemned would be opened as soon after the noose went on as possible and would often kick the level with his foot. The person would then drop through the trapdoor and their neck would break, causing death.

There have been some instances where the long drop method has caused decapitation – the most recent of which was the hanging of Saddam Hussein’s half brother, Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, in Iraq in 2007.

If you can play real audio, here is a BBC interview with Pierrepoint.

7. Beheading

Sentenced at 15, Dhahian Rakan al-Sibai’i, executed July 2007

In some nations that adhere to Islamic Sharia law, beheadings are still a commonly used method of execution. The most frequently seen cases involve beheading by a curved, single-edged sword. While many nations allow beheading by law, Saudi Arabia is the country that uses it most often. The sentence is normally carried out on a Friday night in public outside the main mosque of the city after prayers. The penalty can be dealt for rape, murder, drug related crimes, and apostasy (rejection of religious beliefs).

Saudi Arabia frequently comes under fire from international agencies because of the fact that they continue to pass this sentence on minors. Saudi Arabian officials state that they are not in breach of international law because the sentence is not carried out until the child has reached the age of 18. This was the case with Dhahian Rakan al-Sibai’i (pictured above) who was sentenced at 15 but executed this year at the age of 18.

8. Guillotine

Eugène Weidmann, last public guillotine execution in France, 1939

Contrary to popular belief, Joseph-Ignace Guillotin did not invent the Guillotine; he suggested that a method of execution be devised that was quick and to be used on all people regardless of class. He sat on the committee that eventually designed the device, but it was actually Antoine Louis who came up with the design that was then used to build the first functioning guillotine. This is one of the two execution methods on this list which is no longer used anywhere in the world.

The device itself is a large timber frame with a space at the bottom for the neck of the prisoner. At the top of the machine is a large angled blade. Once the prisoner is secured, the blade is dropped, severing the head and bringing about immediate death. Much speculation exists as to whether or not the person dies immediately, and one man went so far as to ask a prisoner to blink after his head was cut off if he could. The accounts tell us that he did blink, but it is most likely that if he did, it would have been a post-death twitch.

The last public guillotining in France (photo above) was secretly filmed, and the scandalous behavior of the onlookers caused the government to ban public executions. It was the official method of execution in France until the death penalty was outlawed in 1981.

9. Stoning

A stoning in Iran

Stoning to death is when a person’s movements are restricted and an organized group throws stones at them until dead. Under Islamic Sharia law, stoning is an acceptable method of execution and it is used in many Islamic nations. In Iran, stoning is sanctioned for adultery and other crimes. Article 104 of the Law of Hodoud provides that the stones should not be so large that a person dies after being hit with two of them, nor so small as to be defined as pebbles, but must cause severe injury.

“The penalty for adultery under Article 83 of the penal code, called the Law of Hodoud is flogging (100 lashes of the whip) for unmarried male and female offenders. Married offenders may be punished by stoning regardless of their gender, but the method laid down for a man involves his burial up to his waist, and for a woman up to her neck (article 102). The law provides that if a person who is to be stoned manages to escape, he or she will be allowed to go free. Since it is easier for a man to escape, this discrimination literally becomes a matter of life and death.” [Source]

Sentences to death by stoning, or stoning without a sentence have occurred in Afghanistan, Nigeria, Iran, Pakistan, Sudan, Saudi-Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in recent years, according to the International Society of Human Rights. Videos of recent stonings have been smuggled out of Iran. You can watch them here. The most recent stoning in Iran was in 2007 when Jaffar Kiani was stoned to death for adultery.

10. Garrote

1901 execution by garotte in Manila

The garrote is the second method of execution on this list which is no longer sanctioned by law in any country though training in its use is still carried out in the French Foreign Legion. The garrote is a device that strangles a person to death (as in the photograph above). It can also be used to break a person’s neck. The device was used in Spain until it was outlawed in 1978 with the abolition of the death penalty. It normally consisted of a seat in which the prisoner was restrained while the executioner tightened a metal band around his neck until he died. Some versions of the garrote incorporated a metal bolt which pressed in to the spinal chord, breaking the neck. This spiked version is known as the Catalan garrote. The last execution by garrote was José Luis Cerveto in October 1977. Andorra was the last country in the world to outlaw its use, doing so in 1990.

Sepeda Unik Dengan Lintasannya di Rel Kereta

2009-11-30T22:55:00.000-08:00

Dengan tambahan besi dan kombinasi roda, maka jadilah sepeda yang bisa berjalan di lintasan kereta.

Seram, Foto-foto Proses Aborsi

2009-11-30T22:54:00.000-08:00

Top 10 Drugs and their Effects

2009-11-30T22:53:00.000-08:00

Drug abuse is a very common problem in most countries so it seemed like a good topic for a list. This is a list of ten of the most abused drugs and the effects they have on people.

1. Heroin

Heroin is an opiate processed directly from the extracts of the opium poppy. It was originally created to help cure people of addiction to morphine. Upon crossing the blood-brain barrier, which occurs soon after introduction of the drug into the bloodstream, heroin is converted into morphine, which mimics the action of endorphins, creating a sense of well-being; the characteristic euphoria has been described as an “orgasm” centered in the gut. One of the most common methods of heroin use is via intravenous injection.

For the last 4 months, my partner and I have been recreationally using heroin. H became our weekend ritual. Lighting candles, playing music, brie and wine and grapes, reading tarot and finally fucking… for hours on end,the most intense beautiful technicolor sex. Each time we did it we got closer to each other. And each time we did it, we wanted to do it again, and again. We tried saying we’d only do it once every two weeks, but that lasted 6 days. We have rules about how much we do in one night, how late we stay up and so on. So far the rules have kept us safe from addiction. Unless you consider the nagging i-don’t-wanna-go-a-weekend-or-have-sex-without-it feelings. We’ve never run out, although, once we were down to our last little bit and I left the vial open on the night stand. I was reaching for the lube when I heardthe most sickening sound, the vial falling over. Turns out, I was mistaken, I had remembered to put the cap back on. But in those few seconds of uncertainty, my girl and I shot each other a look we had never seen before.. Fear.

2. Cocaine

Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. It is both a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy. It is most often used recreationally for this effect. Cocaine is a potentcentral nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from 20 minutes to several hours, depending upon the dosage of cocaine taken, purity, and method of administration. The initial signs of stimulation are hyperactivity, restlessness, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate and euphoria. The euphoria is sometimes followed by feelings of discomfort and depression and a craving to experience the drug again. Sexual interest and pleasure can be amplified. Side effects can include twitching, paranoia, and impotence, which usually increases with frequent usage.

The cocaine arrived and we agreed to use it at a time that translated to three and a half hours after I arrived. It cost $60 for what I was told was an eighth of a gram. This seemed rather expensive, but I was assured that it was ‘high quality product.’ I took the line up my left nostril. After about ninety seconds, I felt my heartbeat increase. It was definitely kicking in. I began to worry a bit, as I could feel my heart pounding and my pulse increasing. I finally felt as if it had reached a plateau. My heartbeat became level, albeit still very high. Many people say that one feelseuphoria – being invincible and/or the desire to clean the house. I did not feel either of these (and I did remember to think about these things). For me, the positive effects of cocaine came directly from knowing that I had reached a plateau and I was going to be fine. I felt invigorated, yet also very comfortable.

One of the best treatment for drug addiction is to consult with cocaine rehab centers for recovery.

3. Methamphetamine

Methamphetamime, popularly shortened to meth or ice, is a psychostimulant and sympathomimetic drug. Methamphetamine enters the brain and triggers a cascading release of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Since it stimulates the mesolimbic reward pathway, causingeuphoria and excitement, it is prone to abuse and addiction. Users may become obsessed or perform repetitive tasks such as cleaning, hand-washing, or assembling and disassembling objects. Withdrawal is characterized by excessive sleeping, eating and depression-like symptoms, often accompanied by anxiety and drug-craving.

We first smoked meth on New Year’s Eve because we heard it was great for sex. I had to work the next day and so saved some to smoke before work in the morning. When I got home another g was waiting for me and I smoked every day but one until I finally quit three months later. For three weeks we smoked meth with little consequence, then my skin became fragile and in addition to breaking out, started to swell. I was really worried because I was constantly thirsty and drinking water, but I rarely urinated. Then my kidneys started hurting. I had lost twenty pounds in two months and my husband had lost thirty, and we’d read somewhere that rapid weight loss can cause kidney failure. I slept every three or four days for an hour or so and woke feeling rested. I was an hour late for work everyday. My husband wrecked the truck three times. One day I forgot to feed my son. Everything was either the highest of highs or the lowest of lows, no in between existed anymore. We were bannedfrom the sauna at our apartment complex because no one else could use it. Our sweat smelled so strongly of ammonia it burned the eyes, it was caustic, and it burned our skin too. My husband and I haven’t done any drugs at all for four weeks, and things are slowly going back to normal. But I still want it. I can’t sleep tonight because I want it. I wrote this in all honesty mostly to help myself, to remind myself why I don’t want it. And still I want it.

4. Crack Cocaine

Crack cocaine, often nicknamed “crack”, is believed to have been created and made popular during the early 1980s . Because of the dangers for manufacturers of using ether to produce pure freebase cocaine, producers began to omit the step of removing the freebase precipitatefrom the ammonia mixture. Typically, filtration processes are also omitted. Baking soda is now most often used as a base rather than ammonia for reasons of lowered odor and toxicity; however, any weak base can be used to make crack cocaine. When commonly “cooked” the ratio is 1:1 to 2:3 parts cocaine/bicarbonate.

As I held the smoke in for a ten count and exhaled, I thought I felt nothing except a little excitement that was neither bad nor pleasurable. The complete rush some writers have called a ‘whole-body orgasm’ hit me shortly after and I distinctly remember demanding ‘more’ as soon as the realization of heaven-on-earth came. Some people say that the effects of smoking crack lasts 10-15 minutes. For me, it was just a shortest instant of gratification. Everything afterwards was just a great increase in energy and confidence geared towards obtaining more of the drug.

5. LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, LSD-25, or acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family. Arguably the most regarded of all psychedelics, it is considered mainly as a recreational drug, an entheogen, and a tool in use to supplement various types of exercises for transcendence including in meditation, psychonautics, and illegal psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered or not. LSD’s psychological effects (colloquially called a “trip”) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength. They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time passes during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long term psychoemotional effects; some users cite the LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective. Widely different effects emerge based on what Leary called set and setting; the “set” being the general mindset of the user, and the “setting” being the physical and social environment in which the drug’s effects are experienced.

About ten years ago I bought my third trip from a guy in my home town Norwich (UK) It was a ‘Strawberry’ and I was told it had been double dipped. The guy had a reputation for selling good acid so I happily gave him my cash. I took the single LSD tab in the late morning in a positive state of mind with no worries or anxieties. I began to come up on the acid towards the lunch time. It was to be the first and last time I’d ever trip alone. Outside it was a glorious sunny day but I was happy enough in my temporary sanctuary to even think about going outside. The LSD rush started blazing up my spine and racing through my guts, I felt a little uneasy with it but had enough mind to allow myself to just go with it and wait until the rush plateaued. I was having a wonderful time, watching floral Escher type patterns breathing over my skin. I vaguely recall deciding to go downstairs again for some reason then the next thing I recall was awakening on the floor of the dining room alone. The first thing I noticed was that there were blowflies buzzing around a bowl of catfood on the kitchen floor. I remember feeling perplexed as to why both flies had two bright neon after images in red and blue. Somehow I navigated myself through Norwich during the busy lunchtime shoppers and begun to head in the direction of the city’s central park ‘Chapelfield gardens’. If you could imagine for a moment being surrounded by people in a busy place where their heads had been removed and replaced by Squids and Octopus you might begin to accurately picture the scene confronting me in the park. Everyone had tentacles smothering their faces and dangling down their necks like fleshy snake beards, even the women and children were not exempt from this disfiguration. In retrospect, it was the worst day of my entire life, It was the closest I can imagine to having full blown psychosis.

6. Ecstasy

Ecstasy (MDMA) is a semisynthetic psychedelic entactogen of the phenethylamine family that is much less visual with more stimulant like effects than most all other common “trip” producing psychedelics. It is considered mainly a recreational drug that’s often used with sex and associated with club drugs, as an entheogen, and a tool in use to supplement various types of practices for transcendence including in meditation, psychonautics, and illicit psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered or not. The primary effects of MDMA include an increased awareness of the senses, feelings of openness, euphoria, empathy, love,happiness, heightened self-awareness, feeling of mental clarity and an increased appreciation of music and movement. Tactile sensations are enhanced for some users, making physical contact with others more pleasurable. Other side effects, such as jaw clenching and elevated pulse, are common.

Sitting comfortably in our cosy living room, Café del Mar and similar CDs playing in the background, we began at 8 pm. I swallowed one white tablet with water. Over the next hour nothing much happened except that I found myself talking quite openly and confidently with the others, moving very easily into interesting conversations. This was a little unusual for me as I am normally quite shy and overly self-conscious in social situations and it takes me a while to loosen up. The next thing I experienced was a striking shift in my visual perception. I don’t mean a hallucination or a distortion, but a wonderful step up in the aesthetic quality. For a moment it was like being in one of those nostalgic TV ads where the world looks all gold and sepia. ‘Everything’s gone amber!’ I blurted. But then I found that my vision was becoming beautifully enhanced. It made my normal visual experience seem like cheap, fuzzy CCTV footage in comparison. Now I was seeing the world anew in sharp, lush, top-quality Technicolor! I also began to move in time to the music. The music! Oh, the music! Wow! It sounded so good, so organic! The uplifted state stayed with me and took a long time to fade — at least a couple of weeks. It had unleashed in me a rush of joy that was still accessible when I focused on it weeks later.

7. Opium

Opium is a resinous narcotic formed from the latex released by lacerating (or “scoring”) the immature seed pods of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It contains up to 16% morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade. Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of purified, semi-synthetic, and synthetic opioids with progressively stronger effect, and by other general anesthesia. This process began in 1817, when Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner reported the isolation of pure morphine from opium after at least thirteen years of research and a nearly disastrous trial on himself and three boys.

I remember that what I smoked was much easier to smoke than marijuana. There was no burning in my throat nor in my lungs. I took a very large, smooth hit. Smoking it like marijuana, I held it in for about 10 or 15 seconds and let it out. It didn’t taste like marijuana, I remember the taste being rather faint. It actually tasted and smelled like incense. I was very surprised to suddenly find myself on the floor, in the dark, with a crowd of people surrounding me. Apparently I had fainted and fallen to the ground, but I hadn’t noticed. The high itself is rather hard to describe. It was much more intense than marijuana. It felt heavy, like my whole body was being impacted… but it also felt very clear and refined at the same time. As I made my way towards the bathroom the drug began to kick in again. My steps kind of faded away and it felt like I was just floating over to the bathroom. The scary thing was though, that I was having trouble seeing. My vision was fading. Distinct figures melted into shadows and everything had a sparkle to it. All of a sudden, everything felt really good. I couldn’t stop smiling. Everything was profound in a very positive way, especially the music since it resonated everywhere. It was a very abstruse experience. I imagine that I was coming down at this point, an hour had surely past by because the band was building a climax to end their first set. I went along with the crowd and made my way outside. The fresh air was wonderful. The cool air seemed to wrap around my body. A slight breeze on the back of my neck sent chills that rapidly multiplied throughout my body.

8. Marijuana

Cannabis, known as marijuana in its herbal form, is a psychoactive product of the plant Cannabis sativa. Humans have been consuming cannabis since prehistory, although in the 20th century there was a rise in its use for recreational, religious or spiritual, and medicinal purposes. It is estimated that about four percent of the world’s adult population use cannabis annually. It has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, usually by smoking or ingestion. The minimum amount of THC required to have a perceptible psychoactive effect is about 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight. The state of intoxication due to cannabis consumption is colloquially known as a “high”; it is the state where mental and physical facilities are noticeably altered due to the consumption of cannabis. Each user experiences a different high, and the nature of it may vary upon factors such as potency, dose, chemical composition, method of consumption and set and setting.

After taking that first hit, and not feeling the effects within a minute (holding it in for a minute, and then waiting a little bit after exhaling) I decided, well I better hit this again, harder if I can. I took just as large of a hit, and again held it in for longer than a minute. I let my brother know I was really starting to feel something now and I don’t think I liked it all. It snuck up on me really bad, and I still had no idea what to expect. I wanted him to be quiet. Laying down was not helping, so I got back up. I went back to the garage and tried to explain to everyone ‘I am totally fucked up. This is scary!’ I was rationalizing everything tremendously, but it was SO intense! And it was only getting more intense faster! I didn’t know what to expect, I was sinking within myself, accelerating downward like into the depths of my own oblivion. I was a novice, I had no idea what to expect, and the world had become out of synch, the talking of my brothers, his friend, all ridiculous and extremely annoying. I became amazingly irritable and wanted them to leave me alone or not talk in my presence. They did not understand or appreciate my fear, and they began to get loud again. I ran upstairs to my parents bed and laid down with some wistful hope that I could wait out this storm.

9. Psilocybin Mushrooms

Psilocybin mushrooms (also called psilocybian mushrooms) are fungi that contain the psychedelic substances psilocybin and psilocin, and occasionally other psychoactive tryptamines. There are multiple colloquial terms for psilocybin mushrooms, the most common being magic mushrooms or ’shrooms. When psilocybin is ingested, it is broken down to produce psilocin, which is responsible for the hallucinogenic effects. The intoxicating effects of psilocybin-containing mushrooms typically last anywhere from 3 to 7 hours depending on dosage, preparation method and personal metabolism. The experience is typically inwardly oriented, with strong visual and auditory components. Visions and revelations may be experienced, and the effect can range from exhilarating to distressing. There can be also a total absence of effects, even with large doses.

I had acquired about 8 grams of dried mushrooms and some liquid psilocybin equivalent to another 5 grams of powdered mushrooms. I swallowed the liquid first, on an empty stomach of course. I could feel a slight sensation after about 10-15 minutes. Then I added the powder to some water in a mug and swallowed that also. I then sat by the camp fire, listening to the wind in the trees while I contemplated what was about to happen. After about 45-50 minutes I heard a ‘voice’ calling to me. It wasn’t audible in the normal sense – it came from inside my own mind! Then I wasgone – out of this world. I escaped into what I perceived to be the outer boundaries of my mind or my imagination. This placed presented itself as a natural forest with low light. Here I met the owner of the aforementioned voice – the Mushroom Goddess. She took the form of a white, strapless, ankle-length dress, standing side-on from me. For about the next two hours I dialoged with her, becoming totally bewitched by her charm, her wit, her intelligence, her knowledge, her unconditional affection for me and her seemingly infinite perspective. I have come to think of her as my other-worldly girlfriend.

10. PCP

PCP (Phencyclidine) is a dissociative drug formerly used as an anesthetic agent, exhibiting hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. It is commonly known as Angel Dust, but is also known as Wet, Sherm, Sherman Hemsley, Rocket Fuel, Ashy Larry, Shermans Tank, Wack, Halk Hogan, Ozone, HannaH, Hog, Manitoba Shlimbo, and Embalming Fluid, among other names. Although the primary psychoactive effects of the drug only last hours, total elimination from the body is prolonged, typically extending over weeks. PCP is consumed in a recreational manner by drug users, mainly in the United States, where the demand is met by illegal production. It comes in both powder and liquid forms (PCP base dissolved most often in ether), but typically it is sprayed onto leafy material such as marijuana, mint, oregano, parsley or Ginger Leaves, and smoked. PCP has potent effects on the nervous system altering perceptual functions (hallucinations, delusional ideas, delirium or confused thinking), motor functions (unsteady gait, loss of coordination, and disrupted eye movement or nystagmus), and autonomic nervous system regulation (rapid heart rate, altered temperature regulation). The drug has been known to alter mood states in an unpredictable fashion causing some individuals to become detached and others to become animated.

When I was taking the drug, I used very small amounts. The effect was incredibly pleasant and social, so much so that me and my friends all used it instead of booze for almost a year. I couldn’t dance for shit on the stuff (I’d get stumbly and actually fell on my ass on the dancefloor once) but the physical sensations and mental pictures were really fun. It is quite different from any psychedelic visuals or even Ketamine visuals…more like rolling through old film footage. To be honest, I liked it more than my experiences on Ketamine. PCP can make one nearly impervious to pain at high doses. Because of this, PCP can make things seem like a good idea that otherwise wouldn’t (leading to the stories of people leaping out of windows, etc.) I experienced very confusing physical reality when really high on it, like being unable to discern the difference between walking up stairs and down them, or standing still and walking. This could lead to very unusual behaviour.

Misteri Piramida Di Mars

2009-11-30T22:52:00.000-08:00

Apakah ada kehidupan di Mars? Manusia mulai mencari jawaban atas pertanyaan ini pada tahun 1976, setelah penerbitan foto miripsosok manusia duduk di tumpukan batu. Banyak yang mengatakan bahwa sosok mirip manusia itu merupakan trik cahaya, tapi ada juga yang meyakini sosok itu memang benar manusia. Hingga sekarang 'sosok misterius' itu masih misteri. Prokontra tentang 'sosok aneh' itu masih tetap ada.

Seorang ilmuwan mengatakan, kemungkinan 'sosok' itu adalah manusia. Pemunculannya merupakan tanda bahwa memang ada kehidupan di sana. Kini muncul lagi bukti baru. Baru-baru ini berahsil dirtangkap kamera teleskop sembilan piramida di permukaan Mars. Piramida itu bukan buatan alam.

Piramida itu menggambarkan wajah manusia dan hewan , juga gambar besar yang memperlihatkan profil primata dan anjing.

Andrew Basiago, President of Mars Anomaly Research Society, menyebut penemuan tersebut 'A New Cydonia. "Para ilmuwan percaya bahwa ada tiga peradaban di Mars, yang salah satunya tersembunyi di bawah permukaan planet.

Para ilmuwan sebelumnya mengatakan bahwa gambar-gambar yang diambil dengan Spirit Rover berisi foto dari lima spesies primata, salah satu yang bernama 'Sendak. Basiago yakin bahwa Mars dulunya berkembang masyarakat memiliki peradaban tinggi. Namun kemudian terjadi bencana dahsyat yang menghancurkan hampir semua yang berada di sekitar Planet Merah itu itu pada 11.500 tahun lalu, serta Atlantis di Bumi.

Beberapa pengamat Mars percaya, setelah kejadian itu, makhluk Mars yang tersisa pindah ke bumi.

4 Serangga Paling Mengerikan Di Dunia

2009-11-30T22:51:00.000-08:00

Cerita Seru. Serangga, hewan kecil ini tampaknya lemah, apalagi karena ukurannya yang tidak terlalu signifikan jika dibanding dengan tubuh manusia. Cukup satu jari sudah mampu menghentikan kehidupan mahluk mungil ini.

Tapi jika kita tahu, berapa banyak jumlah hewan ini, mungkin kita akan mulai merasa ngeri. Menurut perkiraan terakhir, jika kita membuat perbandingan jumlah manusia dan jumlah serangga, maka perbandingannya adalah 1 manusia dibanding 1,5 juta serangga di dunia ini!

Dari perhitungan diatas, rasanya sudah cukup ngeri bukan? Apalagi ternyata serangga-serangga dibawah ini :

4. Lebah Penyengat Jepang (vespa mandarinia japonica)
Asal: Jepang

Kenapa Mengerikan?
Ukuran lebah satu ini luar biasa, seukuran jempol orang dewasa! Selain itu senjata lebah satu ini menyeramkan, ia bisa menyemprotkan racun yang akan melelehkan daging! Bukan hanya itu, ternyata racun menyeramkan ini juga lengkap dengan feromon, sejenis senyawa kimia yang mampu memanggil semua lebah penyengat yang ada untuk bersama-sama mengeroyok makhluk malang yang tersiksa oleh racun tadi.
Lebah satu ini mampu terbang sampai 50 mil dalam satu hari! Tempat tinggalnya? bukan cuma di tempat terpencil, tapi mereka bahkan diketahui hidup di pinggiran Tokyo !
Yang lebih menyeramkan lagi:
Lebah satu ini benar-benar memperlakukan serangga (atau mahluk hidup kecil) lain secara luar biasa sadis. Seekor lebah dewasa akan terbang bermil-mil untuk menemukan makanan bagi anak-anak mereka. Seringkali, makanan yang dimaksud adalah sarang lebah lain!
Cara mereka mendapatkan makanan lebih sadis lagi. Mereka akan terbang ke sarang tersebut, kemudian menyemprot sarang yang ada dengan racun mereka, dan hasilnya? Ribuan lebah akan datang dan menyerang sarang tersebut. Hampir semua sarang lebah yang mereka serbu tidak dapat melawan kekuatan lebah seram ini. Kejadian sadis akan bertebaran, dengan kepala dan bagian tubuh lebah lain akan bertebaran di mana-mana. Dan kemudian, anak-anak lebah dari sarang yang diserang ini akan diculik dan dibawa ke sarang lebah raksasa ini hanya untuk dijadikan makanan bagi anak-anak mereka!

3. Semut Peluru (Paraponera clavata)
Asal: Hutan Tropis dari Nikaragua sampai Paraguai

Kenapa Mengerikan?
Ukurannya dua centi lebih! Tinggalnya di pepohonan dan cara menyerangnya adalah dengan menjatuhkan diri kepada siapapun yang dianggap menyerang sarangnya, padahal terkadang mahluk sial tadi sama sekali tidak tahu ada sarang semut ini, yang berada di ketinggian dan perlindungan dedaunan pepohonan. O ya.. tapi sebelumnya sih, semut ini akan memberi peringatan. Caranya: ia akan mendesis! Benar! Semut satu ini dapat mendesis!!
Nama Peluru disandang oleh semut ini bukan tanpa alasan, tapi karena sengatnya yang luar biasa menyakitkan! Apalagi karena suara mendesis yang dibuatnya sebelum menyerang! Mengerikan sekali!
Yang lebih menyeramkan lagi:
Orang-orang asli Nikaragua dan Paraguai menggunakan semut ini sebagai salah satu ritual kedewasaan. Caranya? Anda akan dibuatkan semacam lengan baju khusus yang penuh berisi ratusan semut ini! Jadi begitu ditempelkan, reaksi semut tadi akan langsung menggigit! Apapun yang ada didekatnya akan digigit!
Tujuannya adalah dengan mengenakan lengan baju tadi selama 10 menit, sampai tangan kaku! Dan ritual ini tidak dilakukan hanya sekali, tapi sampai 20 kali berturut-turut! Menarik? Kayaknya sama sekali enggak, menyeramkan malah

2. Semut Tentara (Eciton burchellii)
Asal: Amazon

Kenapa mengerikan?
Ukurannya semut ini memang tidak sebesar semut peluru, hanya setengahnya saja. Tapi coba lihat ukuran sengat yang ada di depan rahangnya! Sengatnya yang luar biasa besar dan kuat ini berukuran setengah dari badan semut ini sendiri! Semut satu ini terkenal mampu ‘membersihkan’ semua mahluk hidup yang dilewatinya, berapapun ukuran badannya. Dan satu hal lagi, karena mereka buta, jadi semut ini tidak akan pernah peduli, apa atau berapa ukuran hewan yang ‘dibersihkannya’
Semut ini disebut tentara, karena satu koloni semut ini terdiri dari lebih dari satu juta ekor serangga, dan seluruhnya adalah batalion bergerak! Mereka tidak membuat sarang seperti semut pada umumnya. Mereka hanya membuat semacam tempat tinggal sementara sampai ratu mereka menetaskan telur yang pada akhirnya akan menambah kekuatan koloni semut menyeramkan ini.
Bayangkan bahwa semut ini tidak pernah berhenti bergerak, begitu telur menetas dan menjadi larva, semut ini akan mengangkut larva mereka dengan hati-hati dan bergerak, seperti karpet bergerak yang mematikan di dasar hutan. Sambil merambat membongkar dan ‘membersihkan’ semua mahluk malang yang tidak sengaja bertemu dengan karpet hitam seram ini. Beberapa laporan mengatakan bahwa hewan sebesar kuda bisa bersih tinggal tulang ketika bernasib malang bertemu dengan koloni semut seram ini.
Yang lebih menyeramkan lagi:
Semut ini benar-benar tentara, mereka mau dan rela menggunakan badan mereka untuk menjadi semua betuk kebutuhan koloni, mulai dari ‘tembok’ atau ‘atap’ untuk menghindari dampak buruk cuaca, atau jembatan sehingga mereka dapat menyeberang dengan mudah, sejauh apapun, dan selama apapun itu! Kesimpulannya: mereka sama sekali tidak bisa dihentikan!

1. Lalat Bot (family oestridae, genus dan species bervariasi)
Asal: kebanyakan ditemukan di Amerika Tengah dan Selatan

Kenapa Mengerikan?
Lalat satu ini mengerikan luar biasa, mengapa? karena ternyata mereka mampu berkembang menjadi spesies khusus sampai ada nama khusus, misalnya: Lalat Bot Perut Kuda, Lalat Bot Hidung Kambing, dan coba tebak.. ternyata ada juga Lalat Bot Manusia!
Masing-masing lalat bot ini memiliki berbagai macam siklus reproduksi yang mengerikan, dan tiap akhir siklus ini akan ada seekor belatung besar dan gemuk yang akan menempelkan diri di daging hidup masing-masing inangnya. Dan tidak sekedar menempel, mereka memakan daging inang ini hidup-hidup!
Lalat Bot Perut Kuda misalnya, akan meletakkan telur mereka di rerumputan, yang akan dimakan oleh kuda, bersamaan dengan telur lalat. Telur ini kemudian akan menetas di mulut kuda, karena panas tubuh kuda. Kemudian mereka akan masuk ke dalam perut kuda, dan akan membuat lubang-lubang kecil di perut kuda sampai puas dan jadi gemuk. Setelah siap, mereka tinggal ikut sistem pencernaan kuda, dan akan menjadi lalat setelah keluar dari tubuh kuda, dan siklus awal akan terjadi lagi!
Lalat Bot Manusia lebih sadis lagi, mereka akan meletakkan telur mereka di tubuh lalat biasa atau nyamuk, yang tentunya akan berusaha mendarat di tubuh manusia. Begitu mendarat, telur tadi secara tidak sengaja akan jatuh ke tubuh manusia, dan karena panas tubuh manusia, telur ini akan menetas menjadi larva. Larva lalat ini kemudian masuk ke dalam kulit, dan tumbuh besar dibawah kulit dengan perlahan-lahan memakan daging manusia!
Yang lebih menyeramkan lagi:
Larva tadi tidak tinggal diam dan tidak pemilih. Mereka dapat tumbuh dimanapun tergantung dimana telur tadi terjatuh. Jadi dengan kata lain, bisa di hidung, bisa di saluran air mata atau bahkan di otak! Sudah ada beberapa bukti kejadian ini…

The 10 Most Famous Successful Assassinations

2009-11-30T22:50:00.002-08:00

An assassination is a murder of an individual, who is usually a famous celebrity, politician, religious figure or royal. Usually in cases of assassination there is aclear motive – jealousy, political or religious idealism, contract killing, revenge etc. This list outlines the circumstances surrounding the death of 10 of the most famous successful assassinations in world history.

10. Alexander Litvinenko

Alexander Litvinenko was a Russian KGB agent, turned dissident and possible MI6 agent. On November 1st 2006, Litvinenko fell ill after eating at the London sushi restaurant Itsu. He had been receiving evidence about another murder while he was eating at the restaurant. On November 3rd, Litvinenko’s condition deteriorated and he was rushed to Barnet General Hospital in London. He died three weeks after his hospitalisation suffering from acute radiation syndrome spawned from exposure to the radioactive polonium-210. The incident gained huge worldwide media coverage, probably due to the similarities in the case to Hollywood spy movies. It is now accepted that Litvinenko was poisoned by a cup of tea in his hotel room. No one has been convicted of the murder; however, there are suspicions of Russian government involvement. Litvinenko died aged 44.

9. Lee Harvey Oswald

Lee Harvey Oswald was a former marine who the United States government claim was responsible for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Whether or not this is true, Oswald was himself assassinated two days after the fatal shooting of the President in the basement of the Dallas Police Headquarters by Jack Ruby, a Dallas nightclub owner with links to organised crime. Ruby had apparently been upset and angered by the murder ofthe President and had sought revenge. Oswald was shot on November 24th 1963 and died later that evening, aged 24.

8. John Lennon

John Lennon was one of the founding members of The Beatles, who had gone on to have worldwide success as a member of the band, and also as a peace activist. On December 8th 1980, Lennon was in New York City. As he was returning to his hotel that evening a man shouted his name. As Lennon turned around, the man shot Lennon four times. Lennon then stumbled into the hotel and collapsed. While this was taking place, the assassin Mark David Chapman dropped his weapon and sat on the street, waiting to be arrested. He was charged with murder and remains in prison to this day. His motivation for the murder is unclear.

7. Robert F. Kennedy

US Senator Robert F. Kennedy was the younger brother of John F. Kennedy. He was shot in the early hours of June 5th 1968 by a man named Sirhan Sirhan. A day later, Kennedy died in hospital. Kennedy had been shot four times at point-blank range. RFK as he was sometimes known had been a Presidential Candidate for the Democratic Party. It is unknown what Sirhan’s motivation for killing Kennedy was, however, it is assumed he was a Palestinian terrorist seeking revenge for the US support of Israel in the Six Day’s War of 1967. Kennedy died aged 42.

6. Malcolm X

Malcolm X, also known as Malcolm Little was an American black Muslim minister. He is often seen as the man behind the Black Power movement of the 1960’s and 1970’s in which African Americans radicalised and became driven toward freedom and towards gaining the respect of their fellow Americans. Malcolm had previously been a member of the Nation of Islam, however, he had become a Sunni Muslim. Apparently, following this, the Nation of Islam had given orders for the assassination of Malcolm X. On February 21st 1965, Malcolm had begun giving a speech when a man rushed through the crowd and shot Malcolm X with a sawn-off shotgun. Two other men joined in and Malcolm was shot a total of 16 times. The three men who killed Malcolm X were all members of the Nation of Islam. Despite often being labelled as a cold-hearted radical and a menace, the world was sympathetic towards Malcolm following his assassination. Malcolm X died aged 39.

5. Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King was the main man behind the American Civil Rights Movement. The movement was an attempt to abolish the racial discrimination of African Americans. King himself was black. On April 4th 1968, while standing on the balcony of his second floor motel room, King was fatally shot. Following the assassination there were riots in over 60 cities across the USA, and five days later, President Johnson declared a day of mourning. Two months later, escaped convict James Earl Ray was captured in London, and was extradited to Tennessee where he faced the a charge of murder against King. Ray was a white man who was opposed the African-AmericanCivil Rights Movement.

4. Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, and held tenure from 1861 until his death in 1865. John Wilkes Booth was a Confederate spy, who had become angry atthe President because of his support for the freedoms of African Americans. He became determined to assassinate Lincoln. On April 14th 1865, Lincoln was going to the theatre. With the presence of only one bodyguard wandering through the theatre, Booth seized his opportunity. He waited until laughter filled the theatre and shotthe President in the head. Booth escaped, but was caught and fatally shot twelve days later. Lincoln was aged 56 at the time of his death.

3. Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar was a Roman political and military figure in the 1st century B.C. He was a successful military leader and following considerable success he started a civil war in the Roman Republic. Following this, he was proclaimed dictator. However, some senators in Rome were disillusioned by what Caesar had done, and so planned an assassination to take place on the Ides of March. While walking past the Theatre of Pompey, Caesar was stopped by a group of Senators to read a fake bill which was allegedly to give power back to the Senate. As Caesar did this, he was stabbed. According to historical evidence, there were as many as 60 Senators present. After Caesar was stabbed he tried to run away, but fell and was stabbed repeatedly on the floor. He had 23 stab wounds. His death marked the end of the Roman Republic, and out of the bloody aftermath emerged the Roman Empire.At the time of his death, Caesar was 57 years old.

2. Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria Franz Ferdinand, and therefore heir to the Austrian throne is largely considered to be the catalyst for the beginning of World War I. On June 28th 1914 he was on a visit to Sarajevo, which was at that time a territory of Austria. While riding in an open-top car, he and his wife Sophie were shot by members of The Black Hand which was a Serbian group attempting to gain independence for all the states annexed by Austria-Hungary. World War I began two months after the assassination, with Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. This declaration of war started a domino effect across Europe in which all the allies of Serbia declared war on Austria-Hungary and all of its allies.At the time of his murder, Ferdinand had been 50 years old.

1. John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. He served from January 20th 1961 until his death on November 22nd 1963. His Presidency was one of the most event-filled of the 20th century. The space race, American Civil Rights Movement, Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, and the beginning of the Vietnam War all took place during his Presidency. Despite there being hundreds of witnesses to his assassination there is a lot of confusion surrounding Kennedy’s death to this day, leading many to suspect a conspiracy. Just before 12:30pm, Kennedy was travelling through Dallas in his open-top limousine. Three shots were then fired from a high-powered rifle, which all enteredthe president. Kennedy died soon after in hospital. Lee Harvey Oswald (see number 10) was charged with the murder of the President. This assassination in particular has had many conspiracies theorists, especially considering the until he died, Oswald maintained his innocence. Among those who have been accused are the FBI, Cuba, the CIA or the USSR. Many believe that there could have been a conspiracy among these groups. There has never been any conclusive evidence to prove that Oswald acted alone, or if he was even involved in the murder. Despite numerous investigations, the death is still shrouded in mystery.

Bonus: Mohandas Gandhi Wikipedia

On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was shot and killed while having his nightly public walk on the grounds of the Birla Bhavan (Birla House) in New Delhi. The assassin, Nathuram Godse, was a Hindu radical with links to the extremist Hindu Mahasabha, who held Gandhi responsible for weakening India by insisting upon a payment to Pakistan. Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were later tried and convicted; they were executed on 15 November 1949. Gandhi’s memorial at Rāj Ghāt, New Delhi, bears the epigraph “Hē Ram”, which may be translated as “Oh God”. These are widely believed to be Gandhi’s last words after he was shot, though the veracity of this statement has been disputed.

Top 10 Partners in Crime

2009-11-30T22:50:00.000-08:00

While most criminals work alone, there have been a number of very high profile criminal couples through history. This is a list of ten of the most infamous criminal duos. The list excludes killers who are children and high school killers. In no particular order, the top 10 partners in crime.

10. Menendez Brothers

The Menendez brothers grew up in Princeton, New Jersey, and attended Princeton Day School. Lyle attended Princeton University but eventually dropped out because of the expensive cost. Erik attended Beverly Hills High School in Los Angeles.

Lyle and Erik Menendez murdered their parents at their Beverly Hills home in 1989. After shooting their parents, the brothers drove off and dumped their shotguns on Mulholland Drive and bought tickets at a local movie theater to use as an alibi. When the brothers returned home, Lyle called 911 and cried, “Somebody killed my parents!” In the following months, the brothers led a life of luxury and lavish spending, adding to investigators’ suspicions that they were involved in their parents’ deaths. Prosecutors later alleged thatthe brothers spent about $1 million in their first six months as orphans. Both brothers were subsequently sentenced to life in prison.

9. Caril Fugate and Charles Starkweather

Caril Fugate lived in Lincoln, Nebraska, and in 1956, she started dating Charles Starkweather (five years her senior). Caril is the youngest female in United States history to be tried for first-degree murder. The extent of Caril’s involvement in this couple’s crimes is uncertain; Starkweather was executed still accusing her, and Fugate refuses to talk about it to this day.

Charles Starkweather was born with a mild birth defect, Genu varum, that caused his legs to be misshapen, and he also suffered from a mild speech impediment, which caused him to be teased, picked upon, and beaten up from an early age. Starkweather developed a severe inferiority complex and became self-loathing and nihilistic, believing that he was unable to do anything correctly, and that his own inherent failures would doom him to a life of poverty and misery.

On January 21, 1958, Starkweather went to visit Caril at her dilapidated house. Finding her not home, he argued with and shot to death Caril Ann’s mother and stepfather, as well as fatally clubbing Caril Ann’s two-year-old sister, Betty Jean. Charles and Caril drove to the Bennet, Nebr., farm home of August Meyer, 70, a Starkweather family friend, whom Charles shot in the head. Shortly thereafter, they got stuck in the mud and abandoned their car. When Robert Jensen and Carol King, two local teenagers, stopped to give them a ride, Charles forced them to drive back to an abandoned storm cellar, where both were shot and killed. The couple eventually took a road trip across the states killing a total of 11 people. Their story is the basis for the film Natural Born Killers.

8. Kray Brothers

Ronald “Ronnie” Kray (24 October 1933 – 17 March 1995) and Reginald “Reggie” Kray (24 October 1933 – 1 October 2000) were identical twin brothers, and the foremost organized crime leaders dominating London’s East End during the 1950s and 1960s.

The twins first attended Wood Close School and then Daneford Street School. There they said to have shown none of their future criminal tendencies. A teacher said of them: “Salt of the earth, the twins; never the slightest trouble to anyone who knew how to handle them.” They bought a local run-down snooker club in Bethnal Green, this was where they starting several protection rackets. By the end of the 1950s, the Krays were involved in hijacking, armed robbery and arson, through which means they acquired a small empire of clubs and other properties. In the 1960s, they were widely seen as prosperous and charming celebrity nightclub owners and were part of the ’swinging’ London scene. The criminal activities of the twins came to the attention of the police several times, but the Kray name had such a fearsome reputation for violence that witnesses were too scared to come forward to testify. When Inspector Leonard “Nipper” Read of Scotland Yard was promoted to the Murder Squad, his first assignment was to bring down the Kray twins. By the end of 1967 Read had built up a substantial body of evidence against the Krays. Early on 9 May 1968, the Krays and a number of the senior members of their “firm” were arrested. Both were sentenced to life imprisonment, with a non-parole period of thirty years.

7. Leopold and Loeb

Nathan Leopold had already completed college and was attending law school at the University of Chicago when he and Loeb committed their crime (aged 19). He spoke five languages and was an expert ornithologist. Leopold planned to transfer to Harvard Law School in September, after taking a trip to Europe.

Richard Loeb was the youngest graduate in the history of the University of Michigan. He planned to enter the University of Chicago Law School after taking some post graduate courses.

Both Leopold and Loeb lived in Kenwood, a wealthy neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. Loeb’s father, Albert, began his career as a lawyer and became the Vice President of Sears and Roebuck. Besides owning an impressive mansion in Kenwood, two blocks away from the Leopold home, the Loeb family also had a summer estate in Charlevoix, Michigan. Leopold, age 19 at the time of the murder, and Loeb, 18, believed themselves to be Nietzschean supermen who could commit a “perfect crime” (in this case a kidnapping and murder) without fear of being apprehended. On Wednesday, May 21, 1924, they put their plot in motion. The pair lured Franks, a neighbor and distant relative of Loeb’s, into a rented car. Either Loeb or Leopold first struck Franks with a chisel. Leopold or Loeb then stuffed a sock into Franks’ mouth. Franks died soon thereafter.Leopold and Loeb concealed the body and poured hydrochloric acid on it to make identification more difficult. They then returned to Hyde Park and burned Frank’s clothes. They then mailed a ransom note to the Franks. Before the ransom was paid, the body was found along with a pair of glasses linking the crime toLeopold and Loeb . They both confessed when their alibis broke down. Loeb was killed in jail, and Leopold completed his jail time and died in Puerto Rico in 1971, at the age of 66.

6. Ottis Toole and Henry Lee Lucas

Ottis Toole was a native of Shaunavon, Saskatchewan. His father left the family when Toole was young, and he claimed his mother was a religious fanatic, and that his sister dressed him in girl’s clothes. Toole also claimed his grandmother was a satanist who exposed him to various practices and rituals in his youth.

Henry Lee Lucas was born in Blacksburg, Virginia. He described his mother, Viola Lucas, as a violent prostitute. His father, Anderson Lucas, was an alcoholic and former railroad employee who had lost his legs in a train accident, and who suffered from Viola’s wrath as often as his son. Lucas reports that Viola regularly beat him and his half-brother, often for no reason.

Henry Lee Lucas was 15 the first time he killed in 1951, and the reason he murdered this teenage girl was to see what it was like to have sex with a human. In 1976, after years in prison, Lucas teamed up with arsonist and serial killer Ottis Toole, who enjoyed mutilating corpses. Later Toole claimed to have been a cannibal, but Lucas said that he’d abstained from that behavior because he did not like the taste of barbecue sauce. They traveled together from one state to another, and their favorite prey were female hitchhikers. For a while, Toole’s orphaned nephew and niece, Frank and Becky Powell, came with them. Then it was just Lucas and Becky, 13. When she argued with Lucas one day and slapped him, he killed her with a knife. Then he raped the corpse, dismembered it, put the pieces into a pillowcase, and dumped them in a field. The victims of these two men ranged in age from young children to elderly women, killed in every conceivable way and disposed of by dumping, dismembering, and incinerating. How many murders they actually committed will probably never be known.

5.The Hillside Strangler

Kenneth Bianchi’s biological mother was an alcoholic prostitute who gave him up for adoption at birth. Bianchi was deeply troubled from a young age, described as “a compulsive liar” who “had risen from the cradle dissembling.” He often worried Frances (his adoptive mother) with his penchant for trance-like daydreams. While intelligent (with an I.Q. of 116), he was an underachiever who was quick to lose his temper. He was also diagnosed with petit mal seizures when he was five. After Nicholas’ death, Frances went out to her work while her son attended high school.

Angelo Buono Buono was born in Rochester, New York. In the time leading up to the killings, Buono had already developed a long criminal history, ranging from failure to pay child support to assault and rape. When Buono was 41 he met Kenneth Bianchi in 1975. Buono persuaded his younger cousin to join him in prostituting the women and young girls they brought to bed, holding them as virtual prisoners.

The Hillside Strangler is the media epithet for two men, Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, cousins who were convicted of kidnapping, raping, torturing, and killing girls and women ranging in age from twelve to twenty-eight years old during a four-month period from late 1977 to early 1978 in the hills above Los Angeles, USA. The first victim of the Hillside Stranglers was a Hollywood prostitute, Yolanda Washington whose body was found near the Forest Lawn Cemetery on October 18. The corpse was cleaned and faint marks could be seen around the neck, wrists, and ankles where a rope had been. She had also been viciously raped. Between the two they murdered 10 (confirmed) victims. Bianchi is serving a life sentence in Washington. Buono died of a heart attack on September 21, 2002, in Calipatria State Prison where he was serving a life sentence.

4. Fred and Rosemary West

Fred West was a prolific petty criminal as a teenager. He moved from his parents’ rural home to live with an aunt until the Wests moved his family to Gloucester, where he took a job in an abattoir. He was fined for theft in Hereford in April 1961, and again in Newent in October. During this period West worked as an ice cream van driver. On November 4, 1965, he accidentally ran over and killed a four-year-old boy with his ice-cream van.

Rosemary West and her husband were convicted of a serious sexual assault in January 1973. For this, the Wests were fined for indecent assault of Caroline Raine, who escaped and reported the couple to the police, although no prison sentence resulted from their subsequent conviction. She had a voracious sexual appetite and enjoyed extreme bondage and sadomasochistic sex. She was bisexual, and many of their victims were picked up for her and her husband’s sexual pleasure. West also worked as a prostitute. Two of her children were fathered by these clients, in April 1982 and July 1983.

The crimes for which the Wests were convicted occurred mainly between April 1973 to August 1979. Charmaine West, (daughter of Fred’s previous wife Rena), who was murdered in June 1971, was buried at the Wests’ previous home of 25 Midland Road, Gloucester. One of the bodies found at Cromwell Street was that of their eldest daughter, Heather, who was murdered in June 1987. The police consider it highly unlikely that the Wests just stopped their sexually-motivated murders in 1979, or simply stopped killing in 1987. No one will ever know for certain if this was the case, but the murders almost certainly would have stopped in August 1992, when Fred West was arrested after being accused of raping his 13-year-old daughter three times, and Rosemary West was arrested for child cruelty. That case against them collapsed in June 1993 when their daughter refused to testify in court. Although she did not confess, the evidence against Rosemary West, which was all circumstantial, was overwhelming. She was tried in October 1995, after her husband’s suicide. The jury was unanimous: West was found guilty of ten murders on November 22, 1995, and the judge, Mr Justice Mantell, sentenced her to life imprisonment.

3. Bonnie and Clyde

Bonnie Parker was born October 1, 1910, in Rowena, Texas. An honor roll student in high school where she excelled in creative writing, she won a County League contest in literary arts, for Cement City School, and even gave introductory speeches for local politicians. Described as intelligent and personable yet strong willed, she was an attractive young woman, small at 4 ft 11 in (150 cm) and weighing only 90 pounds (41 kg).

Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Ellis County, Texas. Clyde was first arrested in late 1926, after running when police confronted him over a rental car he had failed to return on time. Despite holding down “square” jobs during the period 1927 through 1929, however, he also cracked safes, burgled stores, and stole cars.

Bonnie and Clyde were notorious outlaws, robbers and criminals who travelled the Central United States during the Great Depression. Their exploits were known nationwide. They captured the attention of the American press and its readership during what is sometimes referred to as the “public enemy era” between 1931 and 1935. Although this couple and their gang were notorious for their bank robberies, Clyde Barrow preferred to rob small stores or gas stations. Though the public at the time believed Bonnie to be a full partner in the gang, the role of Bonnie Parker in the Barrow Gang crimes has long been a source of controversy.

Bonnie and Clyde were killed May 23, 1934, on a desolate road near their Bienville Parish, Louisiana hideout. They were shot by a posse of four Texas and two Louisiana officers. Questions about the way the ambush was conducted, and the failure to warn the duo of impending death, have been raised ever since that day.

2. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid

Robert LeRoy Parker (Butch Cassidy) was born in Beaver, Utah to Maximillian Parker and Ann Campbell Gillies, English and Scottish Mormon immigrants, respectively, who came to the Utah Territory in the late 1850s. Parker left home during his early teens, and while working at a dairy farm, he fell in with Mike Cassidy (whose name he would eventually take in his honor), a horse thief and cattle rustler.

Harry Alonzo Longabaugh (The Sundance Kid) was convicted in 1887 of horse theft and sentenced to 18 months in the Sundance, Wyoming, jail. Because of this jail time he was called the Sundance Kid. Longabaugh likely met Butch Cassidy sometime after Cassidy was released from prison around 1896. They formed the “Wild Bunch Gang.”

Despite the Wild Bunch often being portrayed as mostly non-violent, in reality the gang was responsible for numerous killings during their robbery activities. On June 2, 1899, the gang robbed a Union Pacific overland flyer near Wilcox, Wyoming, a robbery that became famous and which resulted in a massive man hunt. Many notable lawmen of the day took part in the hunt for the robbers, but they were not found. The Wild Bunch would usually split up following a robbery, heading in different directions, and later reunite at a set location, such as the Hole-in-the-Wall hideout, “Robbers Roost”, or Madame Fannie Porter’s brothel, in San Antonio, Texas. Parker and Longabaugh eventually fled to Argentina where they may have committed additional robberies. Neither of the two were ever caught, and their remains have never been found.

1. Myra Hindley and Ian Brady

Myra Hindley was believed to have been beaten by her alcoholic father, Bob Hindley, a paratrooper in the RAF during World War II, who was also alleged to have been violent towards her mother Nellie. She could write creatively, was quite athletic, and was considered a responsible girl, ironically in demand as a babysitter.

Ian Brady was adopted into a local family at a young age. His father has never been identified; his mother claimed that he was a journalist who died a few months before their son was born. He developed a fascination with Nazi Germany, Nazi pageantry and Nazi symbolism. By the time he was a teenager, he had been brought before the juvenile courts for incidents of burglary and housebreaking.

Brady was responsible for the murders of five children during the 1960s. In August 1987 he claimed to police that he had carried out another five killings and even said where he had buried the bodies, but the police were never able to prove whether these claims were true. The five murders that Brady admitted carrying out were committed with Hindley as his accomplice. These were the infamous Moors Murders, which are still some of the most reviled crimes in Britain decades after they happened, the judge at Brady and Hindley’s trials even saying they were the worst murders in the past century. As a result, Brady and Hindley became two of the most hated individuals in British criminal history. In evidence against them was a tape recording the couple made of the murder of one of their victims.

15 Teknologi Modern yang terinspirasi dari kisah Fiksi Ilmiah

2009-11-30T22:49:00.000-08:00

Beberapa hal harus dilihat dulu baru dapat dipercaya. Namun ada hal-hal yang bisa dipercaya sebelum dilihat. Itulah imajinasi. Imajinasi adalah pembentuk dunia kita. Banyak teknologi yang sekarang sedang dinikmati idenya bukan dari para ilmuwan, tapi merupakan imajinasi para penulis cerita fiksi ilmiah.

Para penulis itu telah membuat yang mustahil menjadi mungkin, seringkali dengan menantang hukum dari ilmu pengetahuan dan melewati batas-batas kenyataan. Ataukah mereka telah melihat gambaran masa depan melalui kemampuan imajinasinya kemudian menuangkannya dalam sebuah cerita fiksi?

Berikut ini adalah beberapa penemuan teknologi yang idenya berasal dari cerita fiksi ilmiah dan tentu saja sudah menjadi kenyataan di dalam kehidupan kita. Sekedar informasi imajinasi bukan sekedar khayalan sia-sia.

15) Telepon Selular

Ketika telepon flip pertama diproduksi, banyak orang berkomentar bahwa Ponsel tersebut tampak seperti komunikator dalam film Star Trek (1966). Itu bukan kebetulan. Martin Cooper, penemu ponsel genggam pertama, bahwa gadget Kapten Kirk’s nifty itu meng inspirasi seluruh konsep telepon portabel.

14) Kapal Selam

Kapal selam sudah ada sejak Perang Saudara dan bahkan digunakan dalam pertempuran. Namun, hal itu tidak sampai sebelum Jules Verne menerbitkan kisah klasik ” 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea” pada tahun 1870. kemudian para insinyur mulai membayangkan lebih maju tentang kapal yang dapat menggali lebih dalam ke laut.

13) Perangkat elektronik (E-Book)

Pada sebagian besar fiksi ilmiah, kertas adalah sebuah hal di masa lalu, dan beberapa gadget baru-baru ini menunjukkan ke arah itu. Pemilik e-book seperti Kindle Douglas Adams “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy untuk mengucapkan terima kasih, tanpa membawa kertas buku referensi.

12) Powered exoskeleton

Mungkin adegan yang paling terkenal dalam film Aliens 2 (1986) adalah ketika Ripley menyelamatkan seorang gadis kecil menggunakan hidrolik exoskeleton. Seseorang dalam militer tampaknya terinspirasi dari film tersebut, karena para ilmuwan baru-baru ini meluncurkan sebuah exoskeleton yang membantu seseorang mengangkat berat 200 pound tanpa kesulitan. Satu penemu di Jepang bahkan selangkah lebih maju dengan mengembangkan setelan fungsional hampir sama dengan yang di film.

11) Home Theaters

Diilhami dari novel Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 tahun 1951 tentang kisah masa depan Amerika salah satu nya dengan menghadirkan sebuah rumah yang lengkap dengan televisi layar lebar lengkap dengan perlengkapan audio surround sound systems. Sekarang kita memnyebutny “Home Theater”.

10) Software Penerjemah

“Babel Fish” bukan hanya nama acak dari AltaVista yang datang dengan perangkat lunak terjemahan web mereka. Ini sebenarnya merupakan gadget dari novel”The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” 1971 yang dapat menerjemahkan bahasa apapun setelah dimasukkan ke dalam telinga seseorang.

9) Taser

Ketika Jack Cover mengembangkan prototipe pertama untuk senapan mematikan, ia terinspirasi dari novel tahun 1911 karya Victor Appleton yang ia baca ketika masih anak-anak “Thomas A. Swift ’s Electric Rifle.”, salah satunya menampilkan sebuah “senapan listrik” yang digunakan untuk berburu.

Virus Komputer

Hei, tidak ada yang mengatakan fiksi ilmiah bukan saja mengilhami penemuan-penemuan yang baik. Ketika peneliti sengaja menciptakan virus komputer pertama pada tahun 1975, mereka menggambarkannya sebagai “cacing.” Istilah ini diambil dari novel John Brunner, The Shockwave Rider ‘, di mana “cacing pita” mulai menginfeksi komputer di seluruh dunia.

7) Satelit

Edward Everett Hale penulis yang mengeksplorasi ide pertama dari sebuah satelit dalam cerita pendek, “The Brick Moon,” tapi itu terkenal setelah penulis fiksi ilmiah Arthur C. Clarke yang pertama kali mengusulkan satelit sebagai alat untuk komunikasi massal. Dia menulis sebuah artikel pada tahun 1945 yang menggambarkan perangkat komunikasi yang melayang di orbit untuk memberikan kecepatan tinggi komunikasi global. Tujuh tahun kemudian, Sputnik diluncurkan.

6) VCR / DVD Player

Sementara sebagian besar dunia mengagumi penemuan gambar bergerak di tahun 1890-an, HG Wells sudah memikirkan cara untuk membuatnya lebih baik. Pada satu titik dalam novelnya, seseorang terbangun, seorang pria menemukan sebuah mesin yang tampaknya untuk menyimpan dan memutar film untuk hiburan pribadi.

5) PDA atau Pocket Komputer

Pada tahun 1974, ketika sebagian besar komputer yang cukup besar mengisi seluruh kamar, Larry Niven membayangkan sebuah versi berukuran saku dalam novelnya ” The Mote in God’s Eye”. Dikisahkan “komputer saku” yang banyak digunakan untuk perhitungan matematis dan mencatat, tapi dengan fungsi-fungsi komunikasi mereka, Niven mungkin juga menggambarkannya sebagai Blackberry atau iPhone.

4) Robot (R.U.R. oleh Karel Capek, Metropolis)

Gagasan untuk membangun kehidupan artifisial telah ada selama berabad-abad, tetapi istilah “robot” diperkenalkan pertama kali dalam permainan Karel Capek, RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots). Namun, untuk melihatnya belum terwujud sampai tahun 1927, film Metropolis diluncurkan menggambarkan bahwa orang-orang mulai melihat robot sebagai mesin humanoid yang dapat dikendalikan oleh seorang programmer.

3) Space Travel

Meskipun novel tahun 1865 berjudul “Dari Bumi ke Bulan” menceritakan kisah Komedi, Jules Verne melakukan beberapa perhitungan yang serius untuk kembali mengangkat kisah tentang tiga orang mencoba untuk melakukan perjalanan ke bulan menggunakan meriam. Beberapa teori-teorinya dan persamaannya yang akurat ternyata mengejutkan kepada mereka yang melakukan misi Apollo, dan ia bahkan dengan benar meramalkan bahwa bobot akan ada di luar angkasa.

2) Internet

Buku William Gibson, Neuromancer, sekaligus mengatur dasar bagi genre cyberpunk serta internet (atau lebih tepatnya, World Wide Web). Dalam dunia dystopian, hampir semua orang dapat mengakses jaringan komputer global yang menggunakan antarmuka otak khusus, yang memungkinkan semua orang di planet ini untuk bertukar informasi dengan cepat. Terdengar akrab?

1) Bom Atom

Tidak sulit untuk membayangkan sebuah ledakan besar, tapi Robert Cromie (1856-1907) membayangkan sarana untuk melakukan hal yang akhirnya akan menjadi kenyataan. Dalam The Crack of Doom, ia menulis tentang senjata yang menggunakan energi atom faktor resikonya memusnahkan hampir dua kilometer persegi tanah. Lebih dari empat dekade kemudian, Proyek Manhattan berjalan baik.

Seorang Pria Membunuh Istrinya Ketika Ngelindur

2009-11-30T22:48:00.000-08:00

Gara-gara penyakit kelainan tidur yang dialaminya, Brian Thomas, 59, tak sengaja membunuh istrinya, Christine, 57, dengan tangannya sendiri. Pria asal Neath, Wales Selatan ini divonis dokter mengalami kelainan saat tidur. Ia bisa mengigau sembari melakukan aktivitas, seperti berjalan ataupun lainnya.

Dan kejadian buruk pun harus dialaminya. Seperti dikutip Times, Rabu (18/11), Thomas dan istrinya tengah berlibur di Wales Barat mengendarai mobil van mereka. Saat tengah malam, mereka diganggu segerombolan remaja nakal. Mereka pun memutuskan untuk mencari lokasi parkir yang lain. Dan ketika keduanya kembali tidur, Thomas bermimpi buruk, remaja-remaja tersebut kembali mengganggu mereka dan masuk ke dalam van.

Keesokan harinya ia terkejut mendapati istrinya telah bersimbah darah di sampingnya. Langsung saja ia segera menelepon 999. “Saya pikir saya telah membunuh istri saya. Saya pikir seseorang masuk ke dalam van kami. Apa yang telah saya lakukan,” teriak Thomas saat melaporkan kejadian tersebut.

Ketika polisi datang ke lokasi kejadian, Thomas terus menangis dan terguncang. Polisi tiba sepuluh menit setelah ditelepon. “Dia adalah segalanya bagi saya,” ujar Thomas tersedu.

Ketika penyelidikan dimulai, kecurigaan pertama memang mengarah Thomas sengaja membunuh istrinya karena suatu hal. Namun ketika tim medis menyatakan ia menderita gangguan tidur, pihak penyidik pun mulai percaya. Apalagi sejarah kehidupan Thomas menunjukkan berbagai gerakan otomatis yang dilakukannya saat tidur selama 50 tahun terakhir.

“Dengan kata lain, saat pembunuhan terjadi, terdakwa tengah tidur dan pikirannya tidak bisa mengontrol apa yang dilakukan tubuhnya,” ujar Paul Thomas, Jaksa Penuntut Umum Pengadilan Swansea.
Keterangan saksi pun cukup meringankan Thomas, dimana pihak pengadilan menerima informasi jika keduanya merupakan pasangan yang bahagia dan tidak terpisahkan. Bahkan seharusnya sebentar lagi mereka akan merayakan ulang tahun pernikahan mereka ke 40.

Pengacara pembela Thomas, Elwen Evans menjelaskan, saat itu terdakwa tidak mengonsumsi obar antidepresi untuk mengatasi gejala Parkinson selama liburan tersebut. Karena hal itu bisa mengganggu performa seksualnya. “Ia melakukannya karena mereka berdua tidur bersama. Dan saat kejadian, suara keributan yang dibuat remaja tersebut membawanya ke tingkat stress yang tinggi,” jelas Evans. Hingga saat ini, kasus tersebut masih disidangkan di Pengadilan Swansea.

Sepuluh Pemain Bernomor Punggung 10 Paling Janggal

2009-11-30T22:47:00.000-08:00

Tak selamanya nomor punggung 10 diberikan kepada pemain yang paling diandalkan tim, atau fantasista.

Nomor 10. Anda pasti langsung membayangkan tipe pemain hebat yang bisa mengubah jalannya pertandingan. Seorang penyihir, atau kata orang Italia, fantasista. Ferenc Puskas, Pele, dan Diego Maradona adalah sebagian pemain yang membesarkan mitos nomor punggung 10 sebagai nomor paling keramat dalam sebuah tim sepakbola.

Tapi, tak jarang nomor tersebut dipakai pemain-pemain “aneh”. Jauh dari kesan pemain andalan sebuah tim. GOAL.com Indonesia berupaya menyusun daftar sepuluh pemain paling janggal yang pernah mengenakan kostum bernomor punggung 10.

Tommy Docherty (Skotlandia)

Pemberian nomor 10 kepada pemain belakang yang tampil untuk Piala Dunia 1958 ini terbilang janggal karena sistem penomoran skuad Tartan Army saat itu yang mendistribusikan nomor secara urut kepada para pemain per lini. Setelah dua penjaga gawang tim diberikan nomor 1 dan 2, Docherty “terpaksa” kebagian nomor 10 karena kebetulan Skotlandia mengangkut delapan bek ke turnamen. Sistem pembagian seperti ini sepertinya tak perlu diributkan karena sepanjang sejarah, Skotlandia tak banyak mencetak pemain nomor 10.

Lee Young-pyo (Korea Selatan)

Tidak ada yang memerhatikan Korea Selatan sebelum Piala Dunia 2002. Jadi, barangkali ketika orang pertama kali menyaksikan nama Young-pyo dalam line-up tim Ginseng pada turnamen, mereka berharap aksi-aksi apik sang pemain dalam menggalang serangan di lini tengah. Saat pertandingan dimulai, boleh jadi mereka kecele, karena ternyata Young-pyo berposisi sebagai bek kiri.

Cristiano Lupatelli (Chievo)

Di lingkungan sepakbola Italia yang konservatif, Chievo mengambil langkah sensasional dengan memberikan nomor punggung 10 kepada kiper mereka, Lupatelli. Musim 2001/02, Lupatelli tengah menanjak dan dianggap sebagai salah satu kiper terbaik di Italia. Dalam daftar ini, Lupatelli jadi yang terburuk karena menjadi pemain bernomor punggung 10 yang tak pernah menciptakan gol.

Jose Antonio Reyes (Spanyol)

Meski tampil mengesankan saat masih membela Sevilla, karir Reyes mandek sejak pindah ke Arsenal. Kemampuannya boleh dibilang terlalu dibesar-besarkan. Terutama pada Piala Dunia 2006, ketika Reyes diserahkan seragam bernomor punggung 10 di timnas Spanyol. Padahal, masih ada pemain lain yang lebih pantas, misalnya Xavi atau Cesc Fabregas. Apalagi, Reyes jarang diturunkan sepanjang turnamen.

Sidney Govou (Prancis)

Prancis di bawah Raymond Domenech adalah kekacauan. Euro 2008 adalah buktinya. Rasi bintang sepertinya mengatakan kepada Domenech agar David Trezeguet dan Sebastien Frey dibiarkan menyaksikan turnamen dari rumah masing-masing. Susunan skuad yang diturunkan Domenech membingungkan dan memberikan hasil yang sangat, sangat buruk. Pada pertandingan terakhir melawan Italia, Domenech melamar kekasihnya dengan disiarkan langsung oleh televisi. Satu lagi, nomor warisan Zinedine Zidane diberikan kepada Govou…

Lassana Diarra (Real Madrid)

Tanpa ragu, Lass adalah gelandang bertahan berkelas dunia yang dianggap sepadan dengan Claude Makelele. Tapi, perlu dipertanyakan jika klub sekelas Real Madrid memberikan nomor 10 kepada pemain Prancis ini. Masih ada pemain inspirasional lain seperti Kaka atau Cristiano Ronaldo yang bisa lebih dipercayakan memakai nomor keramat itu. Dari sisi komersil, berapa besar nilai jual nomor 10 dengan nama Lass di atasnya?

Nicola Berti (Italia)

Pasukan Azeglio Vicini pada Piala Dunia 1990 mungkin lebih berarti jika menyematkan nomor punggung 10 ke pemain yang benar-benar bisa memberikan inspirasi kepada tim, macam Giuseppe Giannini atau bahkan Roberto Baggio muda. Tapi, nomor sakti itu diberikan kepada pemain pesolek seperti Berti, yang lebih banyak menganggur di sisi lapangan sepanjang turnamen.

William Gallas (Arsenal)

Ketika Dennis Bergkamp pensiun 2006 lalu, tak terduga nomor 10 diberikan kepada William Gallas. Bek Prancis yang direkrut dari Chelsea itu memang pemain hebat di sektornya, tapi melihat bek tengah bernomor punggung 10 membuat para pecinta sepakbola gemas. Terutama bagi mereka yang menginginkan pemberian nomor secara ideal.

Andriy Voronin (Liverpool)

Kalau pemberian nomor punggung dijadikan faktor penilaian kinerja pelatih, mungkin Rafael Benitez sudah terpental dari jabatannya di Liverpool jauh-jauh hari. Tak kunjung menemukan pemain yang tepat di bursa transfer membuat Rafa memberikan nomor 10 kepada Andriy Voronin. Selama dua musim, striker Ukraina itu hanya tampil 30 kali dan mencetak enam gol buat The Reds. Ketika Voronin dipinjamkan ke Hertha Berlin, nomor dibiarkan menganggur dan ketika Voronin kembali ke Anfield, nomor diberikan lagi. Rafa, oh Rafa…

Paulo Silas (Brasil)

Untuk tim sekelas Brasil, nomor 10 berarti segalanya. Tapi, tidak terjadi pada Piala Dunia 1990. Nomor keramat tersebut diberikan kepada Paulo Silas, gelandang yang saat itu bermain untuk Sporting Lisbon. Silas mungkin menjadi refleksi pergantian generasi yang dialami Brasil saat itu. Zico dan Socrates gantung sepatu, sedangkan Rai de Souza Oliveira atau Rivaldo masih berkembang. Dalam skuad saat itu, mungkin Romario atau Careca layak disematkan nomor 10, tapi keduanya lebih memilih 11 dan 9, nomor keramat masing-masing.

Top 10 Evil Children

2009-11-30T22:46:00.000-08:00

From time to time the unthinkable happens: children kill. Some decide to murder members of their own family in spite of their seemingly normal upbringing. Others do so because their upbringing was far from normal – often including beatings and abuse. Then there are misguidedchildren who, from the sheer desire to kill, go on murder sprees ending the lives of purely innocent victims. Children are supposed to be innocent and pure; without malice, contempt, sinister anger, or desires to kill, yet every year many commit horrific crimes. Here are Ten of the Most Evil Children in History, with number One exclusively dedicated to one foul group. The age limit for this list is 17 years.

10. Brian And David Freeman / Nelson Byrdwell

Bryan Freeman, 17, and David, 16, who had shaved and tattooed their heads as a symbol of their neo-Nazi beliefs, were immediate suspects when their parents and younger brother were found bludgeoned to death in their Salisbury Township, PA, home. The boys had been terrorizing the family and, as a whole, the town. As the police told it, the triple murder uncovered in Salisbury Township, Pa., that week was every parent’s nightmare — the ghastly culmination of a long-running battle of wills between Brenda and Dennis Freeman and their loutish, hulking sons Bryan, 17, and David, 16.

9. Edmund Kemper

In 1964, when Edmund Kemper was 15, he shot his grandparents, killing them both. He had been planning his repulsive act for some time and had no regrets later. The California Youth Authority detained him in Juvenile Hall so that they could put him through rigorous series of tests administered by a psychiatrist. Because the results suggested that he was a paranoid psychotic, he was sent to Atascadero State Hospital for treatment. There he learned what others thought about his crime and worked hard to make his doctors believe that he had recovered. Although he was considered a sociopath, he worked in the psychology lab to help administer the tests to others. In the process, he learned a lot about other deviant offenders. Kemper was released after another five years and remained under the supervision of the Youth Authority. His doctors recommended that he not be returned to his mother’s care, but the Youth Authority ignored this. After Kemper murdered and dismembered eight women over the next five years, these same doctors affirmed his insanity defense. In fact, even as he was carrying parts of his victims around, a panel of psychiatrists judged him to be no threat to society.

8. Joshua Phillips

In 1998, 14-year-old Joshua Phillips bludgeoned his 8-year-old neighbor to death and hid her body beneath his bed. Seven days later, his mother noticed something leaking from beneath the bed. Joshua claimed that’s he’d accidentally hit Maddie in the eye with his baseball bat causing her to scream. In his panic he dragged her to his home where he hit her again and then stabbed her eleven times. His story failed to convince a Florida jury, who convicted him of first-degree murder. His mother is still appealing his conviction based upon the fact that he was given an adult penalty for his crime.

7. Willie Bosket

Willie Bosket, born on December 9, 1962, is a convicted murderer, whose crimes, committed while he was still a minor, led to a change in New York state law, so that juveniles as young as thirteen could be tried in adult court for murder and would face the same penalties. On March 19, 1978, Willie Bosket, then fifteen years old, shot dead Noel Perez on the New York subway, during an attempt to steal some money and a watch. Eight days later, Bosket shot another man, Moises Perez (no relation to his first victim) in another botched robbery attempt. Bosket was tried and convicted of the murders in the New York City Family court, where he was sentenced to five years in prison (the maximum for a minor). The short length of Bosket’s sentence caused a public outcry, and led the New York State Legislature to pass the Juvenile Offender Act of 1978. Under this act,children as young as thirteen years old could be tried in an adult court for crimes such as murder, and receive the same penalties as adults. New York was the first state to enact a law of this nature; many other legislatures have since followed suit. Bosket was eventually released from prison, but has subsequently been convicted of anumber of other felonies, for which he has received a number of life sentences. He is currently in the New York prison system, in solitary confinement.

6. Laurie Tackett

On the morning of Saturday, January 11, 1992, Indiana resident Donn Foley and his brother Ralph decided to do some quail hunting in a nearby Jefferson County forest. Just one mile into their trip, as Donn turned onto Lemon Road, Ralph spotted a strange object just a few feet from the road in a barren soybean field. At once it appeared to them that it might be a body, but the form was so badly burned and scarred that it looked to them to be a doll. Upon closer investigation, it became painfully obvious that it was not a doll. Upon investigation, it turned out to be the body of Shanda Sharer who would later be found the victim of a jealous lesbian love triangle. Her body, prior to the murder, had been slashed and stabbed with death eventually resulting from torching. Laurie Tackett was ultimately implicated along with Toni Lawrence and Hope Rippey.
Mary Laurine (Laurie) Tackett was born on October 5, 1974 in Madison, Indiana. Her mother was a fundamentalist Pentecostal Christian and her father was a factory worker with two felony convictions and prison stints in the 1960s. Tackett claimed she was molested at least twice as a child, at ages five and twelve.

5. Brenda Anne Spencer

On Monday, January 29, 1979, 16-year-old Brenda Ann Spencer used a rifle to wound eight children and one police officer at Cleveland Elementary School in San Diego, and to kill Principal Burton Wragg and custodian Mike Suchar. The school was across the street from her house. She used the rifle she had recently been given for Christmas by her father. When the six-hour incident ended and the pretty teenager was asked why she had committed the crime, she shrugged and replied, “I don’t like Mondays. This livens up the day.” She also said: “I had no reason for it, and it was just a lot of fun.” “It was just like shooting ducks in a pond.” and “[Thechildren ] looked like a herd of cows standing around; it was really easy pickings.” Her lack of remorse and inability to provide a serious explanation for her actions when captured inspired the song “I Don’t Like Mondays” by The Boomtown Rats, written by socialist musician Bob Geldof. Her quote “I don’t like Mondays” also appears written on a wall in the movie, The Breakfast Club.

4. Jon Venables and Robert Thompson

Jon Venables and Robert Thompson (both 10 years old) had been stealing things all day at the shopping center — candy, a troll doll, some batteries, a can of blue paint, and other incidentals. Why did they decide to steal 2 year-old James Bulger? Was it a plot or a sudden, overwhelming compulsion? Once they had him, they didn’t know what to do with him. They could have easily discarded him, leaving him alone on the sidewalk by a shop where someone would discover the crying baby. But Jon and Robert, likechildren who would rather destroy their own possessions than give them to another, murdered the little boy. James’s parents would never see their baby alive again. The video cameras at the mall caught several images of James Bulger in the hands of his killers, frozen in time. He was to be taken on a long, aimless walk, cruelly tortured along the way. James was senselessly beaten to death by his ten-year-old captors, who callously abandoned him on the railroad tracks.

3. Jesse Pomeroy

Jesse Pomeroy was 14 when he was arrested in 1874 for the horrific murder of a four-year-old boy. He was quickly labeled “The Boston Boy Fiend.” His horrible trek had begun three years earlier with the sexual torture of seven other boys. For those crimes, Pomeroy was sentenced to achildren ’s reform school but was released early. Not long after, he mutilated and killed a 10-year-old girl who came into his mother’s store. A month later, he kidnapped 4-year-old Horace Mullen, took him to a swamp outside town and slashed him so savagely with a knife that he nearly decapitated him. Because of his strange appearance (he had a milky white eye) and his previous abhorrent behavior, he was under suspicion. When he was shown the body and asked if he’d done it, he responded with a nonchalant, “I suppose I did.” Then the girl was found buried in his mother’s cellar and he confessed to that murder, as well. He was convicted and sentenced to death. Following a public outcry against condemningchildren to death, his sentence was commuted to forty years of solitary confinement.

2. Mary Bell

Mary Bell was convicted of strangling a young boy, Martin Brown, on May 25, 1968, the day before her 11th birthday. She was, as far as anyone knows, alone on this occasion. On July 31, 1968, Mary and her friend (Norma Bell – no relation to Mary) took part in the death, again by strangulation, of three-year-old Brian Howe. Police reports concluded that Mary Bell had gone back after killing him to carve an “N” into his stomach with a razor, this was then changed using the same razor but with a different hand to an “M”. Mary Bell also used a pair of scissors to cut off bits of Brian Howe’s hair and part of his genitals. As the girls were so young and their testimonies contradicted each other, it has never been entirely clear precisely what happened. Martin Brown’s death was initially ruled an accident as there was no evidence of foul play. Eventually, his death was linked with Brian Howe’s killing and in August, the two girls were charged with two counts of manslaughter. Mary was released in 1980 with court ordered anonymity. In 2003, the courts awarded her and her daughter anonymity for life.

1. School Shootings

The rise of school shootings has been staggering over the past 15 years and they still leave many people ultimately wondering why? Most of the kids involved had been ridiculed one way or another by not only school mates, but also family members at home. These murderous children acquired large caliber weapons in most cases; though in others, knives, hand guns, or the like were brought in to their schools and use just as effectively. Teachers, faculty, and students loose their lives each and every time this happens. Here are just a few of the incidents:

March 24th, 1998 – Andrew Golden (11) and Mitchell Johnson (13) gunned down 15 people in the Westside Middle School Playground.
April 20th, 1999 – Eric Harris (18) and Dylan Klebold (17) Columbine High School – 13 dead, 25 injured.
November 15th, 1995 – Jamie Rouse (17) Richland School Tennessee – 4 injured, 2 dead
February 2nd, 1996 – Barry Loukaitis (14) Moses Lake, Washington School – 3 dead, 2 injured
May 21st, 1998 – Kipland Kinkle (14) Springfield Oregon – 3 dead including parents, 8 wounded

Video Tips-tips memperbesar payudara

2009-11-30T22:45:00.000-08:00

Top 10 Worst Dolls Ever

2009-11-30T22:44:00.000-08:00

Do you have a child with a birthday coming up? Then let me strongly recommend that you notthe dolls on this list. From superstars of music to politicians, this is a list of the worst dolls ever – and I really do mean ever. Ranked in order of least vile to most (as best as I could), here they are: buy them one of

10. Michael Jackson

Why any person would want to own a Michael Jackson doll is beyond me. Surely even his most die-hard fans would draw the line here. It is also extremely out of date – both the skin color and nose are nothing at all like the “real” Michael.

9. Elton John

More disturbing than the fact that this doll was even made in the first place is the “try me” button on his stomach. Thanks Elton, but no thanks!

8. Pee wee Herman

This one is wrong on so many levels. Putting aside his hard times with the law, this doll is a hideous caricature of a hideous looking man! Buy this doll for your children if you want them to have nightmares.

7. Vanilla Ice

Fanclub info inside? I am pretty sure you could fit the entire fanclub inside.

6. Anne Coulter

I really don’t even know what to say about this doll. I am speechless.

5. Tom Cruise

This doll comes with a bobblehead to give you an authentic recreation of Cruise’s couch moment on Oprah.

4. George Bush

The problem with this doll is that they forgot to include the pins to stick in to it.

3. Rosie O’Donnell

“A friend of Barbie” – yeah.. a very “special” friend. This doll also talks. That’s right – not only do you get to look at Rosie O’Donnell, you get to hear her voice! Worst marketing idea in history? I think so.

2. Osama Bin Laden

This doll is made by the same people that made the Saddam Hussein doll before his death. I am not sure what kind of people might want one of these but I am pretty damned sure you won’t find many in the USA.

1. Adolf Hitler

For the Neo-Nazi in your life!

Vote Budi Soehardi for CNN Heroes 2009

2009-11-30T22:43:00.001-08:00

Apakah kalian tau kali ini ada warga Indonesia yg luar biasa? dia hanya seorang pilot tp dia berjiwa besar..hingga membawa nama Indonesia ke Top 10 CNN Heroes 2009(acara yg menyoroti dedikasi org2 luar biasa di seluruh sedunia). Budi Soehardi mengalahkan 9000kandidat dari 100 negara.. Berkat ketulusan hatinya menampung 47anak di Kupang untuk meperbaiki kehidupan yg kurang beruntung. So voting him to be the CNN Heroes 2009.. At www.CNN.com/Heroes until Thursday 19 Nov 09. Vote dr hp kalian juga bisa kok. Buka link di atas, dan vote Budi Soehardi

Tiap 5 Detik, 1 Orang Tewas Karena Lapar

2009-11-30T22:42:00.002-08:00

Dunia menghadapi bahaya besar berupa krisis pangan dan kelaparan secara global. Lebih dari satu miliar orang penduduk dunia terancam bahaya kelaparan. Bahkan, kini setiap lima detik satu warga dunia meninggal akibat kelaparan.

Demikian ungkap Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB), Ban Ki-moon. "Lebih dari 17.000 anak akan meninggal akibat kelaparan. Dan setiap lima detik satu orang meninggal karena penyebab yang sama," katanya pada sambutannya di hadapan para delegasi Konfrensi Tingkat (KTT) Ketahanan Pangan di Roma, Italia, Senin 16 November 2009.

Ban menekankan kerugian dan besarnya biaya yang diderita umat manusia akibat krisis pangan. Sehingga, diperlukan pendekatan komprehensif dan keterhubungan erat antara ketahanan pangan dan perubahan iklim. "Ketahanan pangan tidak akan tercapai tanpa ketahanan iklim," kata Ban seperti dikutip dari laman PBB.

Lebih lanjut Ban mengatakan dunia membutuhkan pertumbuhan pangan lebih dari 70 persen pada 2050. Namun di saat bersamaan harus berhadapan dengan tantangan berupa iklim akan menjadi lebih ekstrim dan sulit diprediksi. PBB sudah memperkirakan bahwa tahun ini saja, jumlah warga dunia yang menghadapi bahaya kelaparan di seluruh muka bumi sudah meningkat menjadi lebih dari satu miliar jiwa.

KTT yang diselenggarakan Badan PBB Urusan Pangan (FAO) itu berlangsung selama tiga hari dan diikuti para pemimpin dari 60 negara. Sebagian besar pemimpin berasal dari negara-negara berkembang dan miskin. Mereka diantaranya Presiden Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva dari Brazil, dan Muammar Khadafy dari Libya. Paus Benediktus XVI, pemimpin Gereja Katolik Roma, juga hadir dalam KTT itu.

Top 10 Loudest Noises

2009-11-30T22:42:00.000-08:00

Loud noises occur every day. Wincing at the annoyance of a dog bark, or covering your ears as you pass a construction sight is the standard way to guard against the harsh sounds. The pain threshold for humans is 120-130 Decibels. Any sound above 85 dB can cause hearing loss, and the loss is related both to the power of the sound as well as the length of exposure. Here are 10 sounds produced throughout history and how incredibly loud they are. Just remember, human speech is only registered at about 25-35decibels.

10. Rock Concert/Speakers

A 400,000 Wat rock concert or a similar set of speakers mounted in a vehicle can reach ear-splitting decibel levels. Is it any reason most promoters recommend you wear ear protection to stave off the 135-145 decibel sound waves?

9. Fireworks

Though not typically heard up close, fireworks are still explosions and are very loud. The sound heard from the sky is pretty loud, though not damaging, but at the bursting point the decibel levels reach a staggering 145-150. Even tests are performed under strict sound proofing to avoid any ear injury.

8. Gunfire

Gunfire for anyone unfortunate enough to be standing near it can be quite damaging to the ears registering at a quite loud 145-155decibels. This is the very reason why you should always wear ear protection when on a firing range.

7. NHRA Dragsters

Sitting next to a dragster as it fires up its engines and screams down the raceway can be more than just loud; it can be damaging to your entire body. At the 155-160 Decibel range not only will it severely to permanently damage your hearing, but it also vibrates your vision and makes it temporarily difficult to swallow. That’s why no one stands next to them.

6. Space Shuttle Launch

When the rockets fire, it is wise and, in fact, fully enforced, that you stand at least a half-mile away lest you get inundated by 165-170decibels of painful sound. Unlike many other loud noises, the shuttle rocket sound is constant as it creates the thrust necessary to lift itfrom the ground.

5. The Blue Whale

Blue whales mostly emit very loud, highly structured, repetitive low-frequency rumbling sounds that can travel for many miles underwater. These songs may be used for communicating with other blue whales, especially in order to attract and find mates. The call of the blue whale reaches levels up to 188 decibels. This extraordinarily loud whistle can be heard for hundreds of miles underwater. The whale is the loudest, and, the largest animal on earth.

4. Volcano – Krakatoa

The 1883 the Krakatoa eruption ejected more than 25 cubic kilometres of rock, ash, and pumice and generated the loudest sound historically reported at 180Decibels : the cataclysmic explosion was distinctly heard as far away as Perth in Australia approx. 1,930 miles (3,110 km), and the island of Rodrigues near Mauritius approx. 3,000 miles (5,000 km).

3. 1-Ton TNT Bomb

Standing as close as 250 feet away from the impact, the resulting explosion from a 1 ton bomb creates a decibel count of 210. Without sufficient hearing protection, not to mention a complete sound-resistant bunker surrounding you, you could quite literally die from the intense vibrations that would literally shake you apart. Unless, of course, you were under the bomb.

2. 5.0 Richter Earth Quake

A sufficient enough quake to rend the ground in twain and destroy buildings, whole rock, and human life reaches a decibel level of 235. If you are caught in the epicenter and are unlucky enough to not be above the ground in a plane or helicopter, the intense noise and vibrations could kill you long before death by any falling object.

1. Tunguska Meteor

The Tunguska event was a massive explosion that occurred near the Podkamennaya (Under Rock) Tunguska River in what is now Krasnoyarsk Krai of Russia, at 7:40 AM on June 30, 1908. The explosion was most likely caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment at an altitude of 5 to 10 kilometers (3–6 mi) above Earth’s surface. It was measured with the similar impact of a 1000-Mega-ton bomb with a decibel rating 300-315. This is often considered to be the loudest single-event in history.

Bonus: Lake Taupo Eruption

Lake Taupo is a large lake in the middle of the North Island of New Zealand. The lake is the caldera that resulted from a massive volcanic erruption in 180 AD. It is New Zealand’s largest eruption in 20,000 years. It ejected around 120 cubic kilometers of material, of which 30 cubic kilometers were ejected in the space of a few minutes. It is believed that the eruption column was 50 kilometres high, twice as high as the eruption column from Mount St. Helens in 1980. The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China. This eruption was reportedly heard in China. Lake Taupo today, is one of New Zealand’s popular tourist attractions for its beauty and swimming. The fact that the lake is the largest fresh water lake in Australasia, and approximately the same size as Singapore, ensures it is a huge ‘must do’ component to many tourists.

10 Phobia Yang Banyak Ditakuti

2009-11-30T22:41:00.000-08:00

Fobia (phobia) adalah rasa ketakutan yang berlebihan pada sesuatu hal atau fenomena. Fobia bisa dikatakan dapat menghambat kehidupan orang yang mengidapnya. Bagi sebagian orang, perasaan takut seorang pengidap Fobia sulit dimengerti. Itu sebabnya, pengidap tersebut sering dijadikan bulan bulanan oleh teman sekitarnya.

Ada perbedaan "bahasa" antara pengamat fobia dengan seorang pengidap fobia. Pengamat fobia menggunakan bahasa logika sementara seorang pengidap fobia biasanya menggunakan bahasa rasa. Bagi pengamat dirasa lucu jika seseorang berbadan besar, takut dengan hewan kecil seperti kecoak atau tikus. Sementara dibayangan mental seorang pengidap fobia subjek tersebut menjadi benda yang sangat besar, berwarna, sangat menjijikkan ataupun menakutkan.

Ada 10 jenis objek yang paling sering ditakuti oleh manusia di muka bumi ini, Berikut bahasannya:
1. Takut ular

Ini merupakan jenis phobia yang paling sering dijumpai. Ketakutan secara berlebihan pada ular dikaitkan pada kemampuan nenek moyang kita bertahan di alam liar. Ular sejak dulu dianggap hewan berbisa, menjijikkan, dari masa ke masa. Bahkan juga diidentikkan dengan setan oleh keyakinan tertentu. Ternyata phobia akan ular ini bersifat evolusioner, diturunkan oleh nenek moyang manusia sejak zaman dulu sampai sekarag.

2. Takut laba-laba

Ditemukan bahwa kaum perempuan empat kali lipat lebih banyak jumlahnya yang takut atau jijik pada laba-laba daripada kaum lelaki. Pada studi yang dipublikasikan di jurnal Evolution and Human Behavior, David Rakison dari Carnegie Mellon University di Pittsburgh mengatakan bahwa bayi perempuan usia 11 bulan mampu mengekspresikan ketakutan begitu melihat gambar laba0laba dan ular, sedangkan bayi lelaki tidak. Teori evolusi mengatakan bahwa hal itu wajar, sebab kaum perempuan sering bersua laba-laba di rumah, atau saat mereka menyiapkan makanan di dapur. Sedangkan kaum lelaki cenderung diajarkan untuk berani pada hewan tersebut ketika berada di alam liar.

3. Takut ruangan tertutup

Dikenal juga dengan nama agoraphobia, ketakutan ini diderita oleh 1,8 juta orang Amerika berusia dewasa, demikian menurut laporan National Institute of Mental Health pada tahun 2008. Tempat tertutup yang dianggap sulit untuk mereka melarikan diri atau keluar merupakan obyek yang paling ditakuti. Biasanya mereka takut pada elevator/lift, ruang olah raga tertutup, jembatan, kendaraan transportasi umum, mobil, mall, bahkan juga pesawat. Penderita biasanya malas bepergian atau berada di dalam mobil terlalu lama.

4. Takut pada orang lain

Pernah bertemu orang yang mukanya memerah saat bicara di depan orang banyak? Berkeringat, susah bicara atau gagap atau bahkan sampai sakit perut? Itulah ciri-ciri orang yang takut pada orang lain atau dikenal dengan nama sosialphobia. Sebanyak 15 juta orang Amerika dewasa menderitanya, demikian menurut National Institute of Mental Health. Yang parah, kadang bukan saat melakukan pembicaraan di depan umum saja. Penderita sosialphobia juga kerap kesulitan makan atau minum di depan orang banyak. Gejalanya baru terlihat setelah memasuki usia puber.

5. Takut ketinggian

Ini adalah jenis phobia yang juga lumayan banyak penderitanya. Diperkirakan sebagnyak 3-5% dari seluruh populasi dunia menderita akrophobia, takut berada di tempat tinggi. Pada riset yang pernah dilakukan, penderita akrophobia merasa semua tempat tinggi berjarak lebih tinggi dari yang sesungguhnya. Misalnya tinggi sebenarnya hanya 3 meter, maka di mata penderita akrophobia, mereka seperti melihat obyek yang tingginya 6 meter.

6. Takut kegelapan

Takut pada kegelapan yang diderita anak-anak ternyata adalah phobia paling umum juga. “Anak-anak mempercayai imajinasinya bahwa di kegelapan bisa mendadak muncul hanti, penculik, atau perampok,” jelas Thomas Ollendick, profesor psikologi dan direktur Child Study Center di Virginia Tech. Secara normal, ketakutan ini akan hilang seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Namun jika hingga usia dewasa kita masih menderita ketakutan pada gelap, maka artinya kita menderita nyctophobia.

7. Takut kilat dan halilintar

Bagi para penderita phobia ini, suara halilintar dan kilat akan terasa seperti menghentak jantung, bahkan membuat mereka berkeringat. Penderita yang parah bahkan sampai memutuskan pindah ke daerah yang aman dari petir dan kilat., demikian kata John Westefeld, ilmuwan dari University of Iowa. Westefeld melaporkan, dari surveinya terhadap mahasiswa di tahun 2006, sebanyak 73% menderita ketakutan ringan pada cuaca. Namun kebanyakan mereka malu untuk mengakuinya. Bagi mereka yang phobia pada kilat dan halilintar, ada baiknya mulai melatih rasa panik dan kecemasan.

8. Takut terbang

Jangan dikira mereka ini orang udik yang belum pernah naik pesawat, sebab faktanya sebanyak 25 juta warga Amerika juga menderita phobia ini. Nama penyakitnya adalah aviophobia, dimana seseorang sangat takut naik pesawat. Bisa jadi memang sudah sejak lahir begitu, atau ada yang pernah mengalami kecelakaan pesawat sehingga merasa trauma naik pesawat lagi, sebab peristiwa mengerikan itu terus terbayang.

9. Takut Anjing

Tidak usah harus anjing besar jenis doberman, anjing yang imut macam pudel pun ditakuti. Penderita cynophobia ini mengalami rasa takut digigit anjing, bisa jadi memang pernah digigit atau melihat orang lain digigit anjing, demikian menurut profesor psikologi Brad Schmidt dari Ohio State University.

10. Takut Dokter Gigi

Bukan cuma anak kecil lho yang takut ke dokter gigi, orang dewasa juga ada. Sebanyak 9-20 oersen orang Amerika ternyata menghindari memeriksakan giginya ke dokter walau sudah dalam kondisi parah sekalipun. Rasa takut ini lebih disebabkan oleh rasa nyeri yang timbul ketika plak gigi dibersihkan, dan memang tidak semua orang bisa menahannya.

Skuter Lipat Yang Unik

2009-11-30T22:40:00.001-08:00

XOR Motors merilis skuter matik (skutik) listrik lipat pertama di dunia, XO2, yang mirip robot Transformers, di ajang EICMA 2009. Selain ramah lingkungan, skutik ini juga hemat tempat.

XO2 menjadi solusi bagi komuter urban berdomosili di pinggiran kota, yang melakukan aktivitas sehari-harinya di tengah kota metropolitan. Skutik listrik lipat ini mampu mencapai kecepatan maksimum 60 km per jam dengan jarak tempuh maksimal 70 km untuk satu kali isi ulang penuh baterai.

Skutik listrik yang bisa dilipat adalah hitungan detik saja ini memiliki berat total 50 kg. Untuk mengisi ulang baterai XO2 80-100%, hanya membutuhkan waktu dua jam